Surgery·Surgery
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Axillary lymph node dissection is a surgical procedure to remove lymph nodes from the armpit area. It is often done to check if cancer has spread or to reduce the risk of cancer coming back.
Key facts
It is a common procedure for people with certain cancers, such as breast cancer or melanoma, that have spread to the lymph nodes in the armpit.
This surgery mainly affects people diagnosed with cancers that can spread to the lymph nodes in the armpit. It is most often done in adults.
The decision to perform axillary lymph node dissection is based on tests that show cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the armpit. These tests may include a biopsy, imaging scans, or a smaller procedure called sentinel lymph node biopsy.
You will meet with your surgeon to discuss the risks and benefits of the surgery. The operation usually takes 1–2 hours under general anaesthesia. You may stay in hospital for a short time, often overnight. A drain may be placed to remove fluid. Your healthcare team will give you detailed instructions for care at home.
The main treatment is axillary lymph node dissection itself – removing the lymph nodes. After removal, the nodes are examined under a microscope to see if they contain cancer cells. Additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or hormone therapy may be recommended depending on the results and your overall cancer care plan.
After surgery, you may receive pain relief and, if needed, antibiotics to prevent or treat infection. Physiotherapy can help restore arm movement and reduce the risk of lymphoedema. For persistent swelling, a compression sleeve or other lymphatic drainage techniques may be recommended. Your cancer team will discuss any further treatments based on the lymph node results.
After you recover, you can go back to most normal activities. However, you may need to take extra care of your arm on the side of surgery. Try to avoid having blood drawn, injections, or blood pressure measurements on that arm if possible, to reduce swelling risk.
A balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and protein supports healing. Gentle exercises like walking, stretching, and the specific arm movements your physiotherapist gives you are encouraged. Avoid heavy lifting until your surgeon says it is safe.
It is common to feel anxious, frustrated, or down during recovery. Many people cope well over time, especially with support. Talk to your healthcare team if you feel overwhelmed – they can connect you with counselling or local support groups.
Axillary lymph node dissection is a treatment for cancer that has spread, not a disease itself, so prevention does not apply directly. However, early detection of breast cancer or melanoma through regular screening and check-ups can reduce the chance that lymph nodes are involved, which may lower the need for this procedure.
Screening for breast cancer (mammograms) and regular skin checks for melanoma can help detect cancer early. If found early, treatment is more likely to be less extensive and may avoid the need for full lymph node dissection.
For most people, axillary lymph node dissection is a successful part of cancer treatment. Side effects like lymphoedema can be managed with care and support. Recovery takes time, but many patients return to full, active lives. Your healthcare team will help you every step of the way.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 9, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Surgery is performed when cancer has spread to the axillary lymph nodes and removing them may improve outcomes and help guide further treatment. A less invasive sentinel lymph node biopsy is usually done first to see if a full dissection is needed.