Day of chemotherapy session

Overview

The day of a chemotherapy session is when you receive treatment with strong medicines that kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. This is often done after surgery to remove any remaining cancer cells and reduce the chance of cancer coming back.

Yes, chemotherapy is a very common treatment for many types of cancer after surgery.

It affects people of all ages who have or have had cancer, especially after a surgical procedure to remove a tumour.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Feeling tired or weak
• Nausea or vomiting
• Loss of appetite
• Mouth sores
• Changes in taste or smell

Symptoms in children

• Irritability or unusual fussiness
• Unexplained crying
• Refusing to eat or drink
• Pale skin or easy bruising

Symptoms in older adults

• Increased confusion or forgetfulness
• More severe fatigue
• Greater risk of dehydration
• Slower recovery between cycles

Causes

Main causes

• Chemotherapy is not caused by anything; it is a planned medical treatment for cancer.
• The timing and type of chemotherapy depend on the kind of cancer and your overall health.
• It is often given after surgery to target any remaining cancer cells.

Risk factors

• Having a cancer diagnosis that requires chemotherapy
• Being scheduled for chemotherapy as part of your treatment plan
• Having certain types of cancer that are more sensitive to chemotherapy

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you develop a fever during or after treatment
• If you have trouble breathing or chest pain
• If you are unable to eat or drink for more than 24 hours

Book a routine appointment if:

• Before each chemotherapy session for regular check-ups and blood tests
• If you have ongoing side effects that worry you, even if they seem mild

Diagnosis

Chemotherapy is not diagnosed; it is a treatment. Your cancer diagnosis is made through tests like biopsies, scans, and blood work before treatment begins.

Tests that may be done

• Blood tests to check your blood cell counts and organ function
• Imaging scans such as CT or MRI to see the tumour
• Biopsy to confirm the type of cancer

What to expect at your appointment

On the day of chemotherapy, you will typically have a short check-in with your nurse or doctor, then receive the medicine intravenously or by mouth. The session can last from 30 minutes to several hours. You can bring a book, music, or a friend to help pass the time.

Treatment

Chemotherapy uses strong medicines to destroy cancer cells. It is often given in a hospital or clinic. The specific medicines your doctor prescribes depend on your cancer type and health. You may receive a combination of different medicines in a cycle that lasts a few weeks.

Self-care at home

• Drink plenty of water before and after treatment to stay hydrated
• Eat small, frequent meals to keep your energy up
• Rest when you feel tired—your body needs extra energy to heal
• Keep a diary of side effects to share with your healthcare team

Medical treatments

Your healthcare team may prescribe medicines to help manage side effects like nausea, pain, or low blood cell counts. These are given before, during, or after your chemotherapy session. Always follow your team's instructions and let them know about any new symptoms.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is often done before chemotherapy to remove as much of the tumour as possible. In some cases, chemotherapy may be given before surgery to shrink a tumour, making it easier to remove. Your surgeon and oncologist will plan the timing together.

Living with this condition

On chemotherapy days, plan to take it easy. You might feel tired or nauseous later, so arrange for someone to drive you home. Prepare simple meals and have a comfortable place to rest.

Lifestyle tips

• Avoid crowded places and people who are sick to reduce infection risk
• Wash your hands often and keep your living space clean
• Do gentle activities like walking if you feel up to it
• Avoid alcohol and smoking as they can interfere with treatment

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and protein. Small meals often work better than large ones. Gentle exercise like short walks can help maintain strength and mood, but listen to your body and rest when needed.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Chemotherapy can be emotionally challenging. You may feel anxious, sad, or frustrated. It is normal to have ups and downs. Talking to a counsellor, joining a support group, or simply sharing feelings with loved ones can help.

Prevention

Chemotherapy is a treatment, not a condition, so it cannot be prevented. However, you can prepare by following your doctor's instructions and building a support network.

Vaccines

Ask your doctor about recommended vaccines, especially before starting chemotherapy, as some vaccines (like flu or pneumonia) can help protect you while your immune system is weaker.

Screening programmes

Cancer screening tests (like mammograms, colonoscopies, or cervical smears) can detect cancer early, before it needs chemotherapy. Talk to your doctor about which screenings are right for you.

Complications

If left untreated

• If chemotherapy is stopped or not given as planned, cancer cells may survive and grow
• The chance of cancer returning after surgery may increase
• Missed doses can reduce the overall effectiveness of treatment

Long-term outlook

Chemotherapy is a powerful tool in fighting cancer. Many people complete their treatment and go on to live full lives. While side effects can be tough, they are usually temporary and manageable with help. Your healthcare team is with you every step of the way.

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