Day of radiotherapy session

Overview

Radiotherapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. The day of your radiotherapy session is the day you receive one of your scheduled treatments. Each session is carefully planned to target the tumor while protecting healthy tissue.

Radiotherapy is a common treatment for many types of cancer. Millions of people worldwide receive it each year.

It affects people of all ages who have cancer, sometimes before or after surgery.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Mild tiredness (fatigue) later in the day or after several sessions
• Redness, dryness, or peeling of the skin in the treated area
• Slight nausea, especially if the abdomen is treated

Symptoms in children

• Children may feel more tired than usual
• Skin changes can occur, just like in adults
• Some children may feel anxious or upset before a session

Symptoms in older adults

• Older adults may experience more fatigue
• Skin may be more sensitive and fragile
• Existing health conditions can affect how they feel during treatment

Causes

Main causes

• Radiotherapy is used to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors.
• It may be given after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells.
• Sometimes it's used before surgery to make a tumor easier to remove.

Risk factors

• Having a diagnosis of cancer is the main reason for radiotherapy.
• The type and stage of cancer determine whether radiotherapy is used.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you develop a fever or signs of infection
• If you have severe pain or skin breakdown in the treated area

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have any questions or concerns about your treatment plan
• If you experience mild side effects that bother you

Diagnosis

You do not need a diagnosis for the day of radiotherapy — your cancer diagnosis and treatment plan are already decided. Before your first session, you will have a planning appointment called a CT scan or simulation.

Tests that may be done

• CT scan or MRI to map the exact area to treat
• Blood tests to check your general health

What to expect at your appointment

On the day of the session, you will lie on a treatment table. The machine moves around you but does not touch you. The radiographers leave the room but can see and hear you at all times. You can breathe normally and do not need to hold still for long.

Treatment

The radiotherapy session itself is painless, like getting an X-ray. You may need to come for several sessions over weeks. The total number depends on your cancer type and stage.

Self-care at home

• Wear loose, comfortable clothing that is easy to remove
• Do not apply creams, powders, or deodorants to the treated area before the session unless told it's okay
• Stay hydrated and eat lightly before the session if you feel nauseous

Medical treatments

Your healthcare team will give you instructions on how to prepare. They may mark your skin with small tattoos to guide the machine. They will position you carefully each time. No medication is given during the session itself, but you may be prescribed medicines to manage side effects (such as anti-nausea drugs or creams for the skin). Always follow your doctor’s advice; do not start any new treatment without asking.

When is surgery considered?

Radiotherapy is often given before or after surgery. If you are having surgery after radiotherapy, your team will coordinate the timing. If you had surgery first, radiotherapy usually starts a few weeks later to let the area heal.

Living with this condition

During the weeks of radiotherapy, you can continue most normal activities. Plan for rest after sessions, as fatigue can build up. Your energy levels may vary.

Lifestyle tips

• Rest when you need to, but try gentle activity like walking
• Protect treated skin from sun exposure – cover up or use SPF 50+
• Avoid tight clothing over the treated area

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fluids. If you feel sick, eat small, frequent meals. Gentle exercise like walking can help with fatigue. Ask your doctor before starting any new exercise.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

It is normal to feel anxious, stressed, or low during treatment. Many people find it helpful to talk to a counselor or join a support group. You are not alone.

Prevention

Radiotherapy is a treatment, not something to prevent. However, careful planning by your team helps prevent damage to healthy tissues.

Vaccines

You may be advised to get a flu vaccine or other vaccines before starting treatment, but always ask your doctor first.

Screening programmes

Screening for cancer can help find it early, which may reduce the need for intensive treatment. Talk to your doctor about appropriate screening.

Complications

If left untreated

• Without treatment, cancer may grow or spread.
• Untreated side effects (like skin breakdown or infection) can lead to delays in treatment.

Long-term outlook

Radiotherapy is a powerful tool that helps many people beat cancer. Side effects are usually temporary and can be managed with support from your healthcare team. Most people finish their course with good control of their cancer.

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