Day of root canal

Overview

A root canal is a dental procedure to remove infected pulp (the soft tissue inside your tooth) and save the tooth. On the day of the procedure, your dentist numbs the area, cleans out the infection, and seals the tooth to protect it.

Yes, millions of root canals are performed each year worldwide.

Anyone with a tooth that has deep decay, repeated dental work, or a crack or chip can need a root canal.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Tooth pain when chewing or biting
• Sensitivity to hot or cold that lingers after the trigger is removed
• Swollen or tender gums near the tooth
• Darkening of the tooth
• A pimple on the gum that may ooze pus

Symptoms in children

• Children may need root canals on baby or permanent teeth. Symptoms include tooth pain, sensitivity to temperature, and swelling of the gums.

Symptoms in older adults

• In older adults, the tooth nerve may be less sensitive, so an infection can occur without obvious pain. Watch for unexplained tooth colour change, gum swelling, or a bad taste.

Causes

Main causes

• Deep decay (cavity) that reaches the pulp
• Repeated dental procedures on the same tooth
• A crack or chip in the tooth
• Trauma to the tooth even if there is no visible damage

Risk factors

• Poor oral hygiene
• Diet high in sugar
• Not seeing a dentist regularly
• Grinding your teeth
• Teeth with deep fillings

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Severe pain that keeps you from sleeping or eating
• Swelling that is getting worse
• Fever with dental pain

Book a routine appointment if:

• Tooth sensitivity or pain lasting more than a few days
• A change in tooth colour
• A pimple on the gum

Diagnosis

Your dentist will ask about your symptoms, examine your tooth and gums, and usually take an X-ray to see the inside of the tooth.

Tests that may be done

• X-ray
• Tapping on the tooth to check for sensitivity
• Cold or heat test
• Electrical pulp test (to see if the nerve is alive)

What to expect at your appointment

The diagnosis is usually straightforward. If the pulp is infected or dead, your dentist may recommend a root canal or refer you to a specialist called an endodontist.

Treatment

A root canal removes the infected pulp, cleans the inside of the tooth, and seals it. The procedure is often done in one or two visits. On the day of the root canal, the dentist will numb your tooth and gums, place a rubber dam around the tooth to keep it dry, and use small instruments to remove the pulp. Then the space is cleaned, shaped, and filled with a rubber-like material. A temporary filling is placed, and later you will need a crown to protect the tooth.

Self-care at home

• Take over-the-counter pain relievers as recommended by your dentist.
• Eat soft foods and avoid chewing on the treated tooth until it is fully restored.
• Continue brushing and flossing gently around the area.
• Rinse with warm salt water if your dentist suggests it.

Medical treatments

Your dentist may prescribe antibiotics if the infection has spread beyond the tooth. Pain relievers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol (acetaminophen) are usually enough to manage discomfort. Always follow your dentist's instructions.

When is surgery considered?

In rare cases, if a root canal cannot be done through the crown of the tooth, a small endodontic surgery called an apicoectomy (removing the tip of the root) may be needed.

Living with this condition

After a root canal, your tooth may feel tender for a few days. You can return to normal activities soon after. Avoid chewing on that tooth until it has a permanent crown.

Lifestyle tips

• Maintain good oral hygiene: brush twice daily, floss daily.
• Visit your dentist regularly for check-ups.
• Wear a mouthguard if you grind your teeth.

Diet and exercise

Eat soft foods for a day or two after the procedure. Avoid very hot, cold, or sticky foods that could irritate the tooth. You can exercise normally but avoid strenuous activity if you feel unwell.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Dental anxiety is common. If you feel scared about the procedure, talk to your dentist. They can offer options to help you relax. If you experience extreme fear or anxiety that affects your daily life, consider speaking with a mental health professional. If you have thoughts of harming yourself, call emergency services or a crisis line immediately.

Prevention

You can reduce your risk of needing a root canal by practicing good oral hygiene, limiting sugary foods and drinks, wearing a mouthguard during sports, and treating dental problems early.

Complications

If left untreated

• Untreated tooth infection can spread to the jaw, face, or bloodstream (sepsis).
• Loss of the tooth.
• Abscess (pocket of pus) that can be painful and dangerous.

Long-term outlook

Root canals have a high success rate, often over 90%. With proper care and a crown, the tooth can last a lifetime. It is a safe and effective way to save a tooth that would otherwise need to be removed.

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