Surgery·Surgery
Dilation and curettage
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Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a minor surgical procedure to remove tissue from inside the uterus. The cervix (the opening to the uterus) is gently widened (dilated) and a thin instrument called a curette is used to scrape or suction away the lining. It is done for diagnosis or treatment.
Key facts
Yes, D&C is a common procedure performed for many reasons, including abnormal uterine bleeding, miscarriage management, or to obtain a sample of tissue for testing.
It is most often done for women of reproductive age, but can also be used for postmenopausal women or in rare cases for teenagers with certain conditions.
D&C is often performed as part of a diagnosis. Before the procedure, your healthcare provider will assess your symptoms, do a pelvic exam, and may order an ultrasound or a biopsy of the uterine lining.
The procedure is usually done under local or general anaesthesia. You will be asked to lie on a table with your legs in stirrups. The doctor will gently dilate your cervix and then use a curette to remove tissue. It takes about 15 minutes and you can go home the same day.
Dilation and curettage itself is a treatment. It is used to remove abnormal tissue from the uterus, stop heavy bleeding, or collect a sample for testing. After the procedure, the tissue is sent to a lab to check for any problems.
After D&C, your healthcare provider may recommend hormonal medications, such as birth control pills or a progesterone device, to help regulate your cycle and prevent the lining from building up again. These are general treatments and will be discussed with you based on your results.
Recovery from D&C is usually quick. Most women feel back to normal within a few days. You may have some spotting and mild cramps, like a period. Follow your doctor's advice about activity and when you can return to work.
There are no special dietary restrictions. A balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and iron-rich foods (like spinach, lentils, lean meat) can help if you had heavy bleeding. Gentle walking is fine after the first day, but avoid intense workouts for about a week.
Many conditions that lead to a D&C cannot be prevented, such as miscarriage or hormonal changes. You can reduce your risk of some uterine problems by maintaining a healthy weight, managing conditions like diabetes, and seeing your healthcare provider for regular gynaecological check-ups.
Regular cervical screening (smear tests) can detect early changes, but D&C is not a screening test. If you have abnormal bleeding, your provider may recommend an ultrasound or biopsy instead of a screening.
For most women, a D&C is a safe and effective procedure that helps diagnose or treat the problem. Recovery is usually straightforward. If the tissue sample shows any abnormal cells, further treatment is often very successful, especially when caught early. Your healthcare team will guide you through every step.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 9, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
D&C is considered a minor surgical procedure. In some cases, if more tissue needs to be removed or if polyps or fibroids are present, a hysteroscopy (surgery with a camera) or other surgery may be recommended. Your healthcare provider will explain the options.
A D&C can be emotional, especially if it was done after a miscarriage. You may feel sadness, anxiety, or relief. It's normal to have mixed feelings. Give yourself permission to feel whatever comes up, and talk to a trusted friend, family member, or a counsellor.