Myomectomy

Overview

Myomectomy (my-oh-MEK-tuh-mee) is a surgery to remove fibroids (non-cancerous growths) from the wall of the uterus (womb). Unlike a hysterectomy, the uterus is left in place, so you may still be able to become pregnant after the surgery.

Myomectomy is a common surgery for women with problematic fibroids. Fibroids themselves affect many women during their reproductive years.

This surgery is typically for women of childbearing age who have fibroids causing symptoms and who wish to keep their uterus or plan to become pregnant in the future.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Heavy or long menstrual periods
• Pain or pressure in the lower belly
• Feeling full or bloated in the abdomen
• Frequent need to urinate
• Pain during sex
• Lower backache

Symptoms in older adults

• In postmenopausal women, fibroids may shrink but can still cause pressure or bleeding.

Causes

Main causes

• The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood. They are linked to hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and genetics.

Risk factors

• Having a family history of fibroids
• Being of African or Caribbean descent
• Starting menstruation at a young age
• Having a diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables
• Being overweight or obese

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have very heavy bleeding that interferes with daily life
• If you have pain that does not go away with over-the-counter pain relief

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you notice any of the common symptoms and they bother you or last more than a few months

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. They may feel for fibroids during a pelvic exam.

Tests that may be done

• Ultrasound – a scan using sound waves to see the size and location of fibroids
• MRI – a detailed imaging test if more information is needed
• Hysteroscopy – a thin camera placed into the uterus to look directly at fibroids
• Hysterosalpingogram – an X-ray test to check the shape of the uterus and fallopian tubes

What to expect at your appointment

Diagnosis is usually straightforward. You will be referred to a gynecologist (a doctor specializing in women’s health) who will talk with you about options if fibroids are found.

Treatment

Treatment for fibroids depends on your symptoms, age, and plans for pregnancy. Myomectomy is one surgical option. Other treatments include medications to control hormones or procedures that shrink fibroids without removing them.

Self-care at home

• Use a heating pad on your lower belly for pain relief
• Take over-the-counter pain relievers (like ibuprofen) as directed by your pharmacist
• Rest during heavy bleeding days
• Track your symptoms to share with your doctor

Medical treatments

Doctors may suggest medications that affect hormone levels to help reduce bleeding and pain. These are not a cure but can be used before surgery to shrink fibroids or to manage symptoms temporarily. Your doctor will discuss which options are safe for you, especially if you are trying to conceive.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is considered if fibroids cause severe symptoms, if medications have not worked, or if you wish to become pregnant and fibroids are affecting fertility. The type of myomectomy (abdominal, laparoscopic, or hysteroscopic) depends on the size, number, and location of the fibroids.

Living with this condition

After myomectomy, most women recover fully and return to normal activities. Recovery time varies: several weeks for abdominal myomectomy, shorter for minimally invasive surgery.

Lifestyle tips

• Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for 4–6 weeks after surgery (follow your surgeon's advice)
• Ask your healthcare provider when it is safe to resume sexual activity
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques like deep breathing or gentle walking

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support healing. Gentle walking can help recovery, but wait for your doctor's approval before starting more vigorous exercise.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Surgery and dealing with fibroids can be stressful. It is normal to feel anxious or worried. Talk to your healthcare team about any concerns.

Prevention

There is no sure way to prevent fibroids, but maintaining a healthy weight and eating a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may lower your risk.

Complications

If left untreated

• Heavy bleeding can lead to anemia (low red blood cells), causing tiredness and weakness.
• Large fibroids can cause pressure on the bladder or bowel, leading to frequent urination or constipation.
• Fibroids may make it harder to get pregnant or increase the risk of miscarriage.

Long-term outlook

With treatment, most women find their symptoms improve significantly. Many go on to have successful pregnancies after myomectomy. Your doctor will help you weigh the benefits and risks based on your personal health.

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