palpitations procedure preparation
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Palpitations are feelings of a fast, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat. They are common and often harmless. This article explains how to prepare for a procedure that may help diagnose or treat palpitations, such as an electrophysiology study (a test that maps your heart's electrical signals).
Key facts
- Palpitations are very common and usually not dangerous.
- They can be triggered by stress, caffeine, alcohol, or certain medicines.
- A procedure called an electrophysiology study can identify the cause and guide treatment.
Yes, palpitations are extremely common. Most people experience them at some point in their lives.
Palpitations can affect people of all ages, but they are more noticeable in those with anxiety, stress, or underlying heart conditions.
Symptoms
- Chest pain or pressure
- Fainting or passing out
- Severe difficulty breathing
- ⚠Palpitations with dizziness that does not go away
- ⚠Palpitations that last for several minutes
Common symptoms
- Feeling like your heart is racing
- Fluttering or skipping a beat
- Pounding in your chest
- Feeling faint or lightheaded
Symptoms in children
- Children may describe their heart 'bouncing' or 'racing'
- They might seem restless or complain of chest discomfort
Symptoms in older adults
- Palpitations in older adults may be accompanied by dizziness, shortness of breath, or falls
Causes
Main causes
- Stress and anxiety
- Caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine
- Certain medications (like decongestants or asthma inhalers)
- Thyroid problems
- Electrolyte imbalances
Risk factors
- Chronic stress
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Family history of arrhythmias
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have chest pain, fainting, or severe shortness of breath with palpitations
Book a routine appointment if:
- If palpitations happen often, last a long time, or worry you
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, examine you, and may order tests to record your heart's activity.
Tests that may be done
- ECG (electrocardiogram) – a quick test that records your heart's rhythm
- Holter monitor – you wear a small device that records your heart for 24 hours
- Event recorder – you press a button when you feel symptoms to record your heart's electrical activity
- Echocardiogram – an ultrasound of your heart
- Electrophysiology study (EP study) – a thin wire is threaded through a blood vessel to your heart to map its electrical signals
What to expect at your appointment
For an EP study: You will be given medicine to keep you calm and comfortable. The procedure takes a few hours. You will need to fast (not eat or drink) for several hours before. Tell your doctor about all medicines you take. Arrange for someone to drive you home afterward.
Treatment
Treatment for palpitations depends on the cause. Often no treatment is needed. If an arrhythmia is found, options include lifestyle changes, medications, or a procedure called catheter ablation.
Self-care at home
- Reduce caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
- Manage stress with relaxation techniques like deep breathing
- Get regular sleep
- Keep a symptom diary to track triggers
Medical treatments
Your doctor may recommend medications to control your heart rate or rhythm. Another option is catheter ablation, a procedure that uses heat or cold to fix the area causing the abnormal rhythm.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is rarely needed. If other treatments do not work, your doctor might discuss more invasive options.
Living with this condition
Keep a record of when your palpitations happen and what you were doing. Follow your treatment plan and attend all follow-up appointments.
Lifestyle tips
- Stay active with light to moderate exercise as advised by your doctor
- Avoid stimulants like energy drinks or excessive caffeine
- Practice relaxation exercises like yoga or meditation
Diet and exercise
Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Limit caffeine. Exercise regularly but start slowly if you have a heart condition.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Palpitations can cause anxiety. Remember they are often harmless. Talk to your doctor if you feel anxious – they can help you manage both.
Prevention
Not all palpitations can be prevented, but reducing common triggers like stress, caffeine, and alcohol may help.
Complications
If left untreated
- Rarely, frequent palpitations due to an arrhythmia can increase the risk of stroke or heart failure
Long-term outlook
For most people, palpitations are not a sign of a serious problem. With proper diagnosis and care, any underlying condition can be managed effectively, and you can lead a normal, active life.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 27, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.