Surgery·Surgery
Pneumonectomy overview
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A pneumonectomy is a major surgery to remove an entire lung. It is usually done to treat serious lung problems, such as lung cancer, severe infections, or large abscesses that cannot be helped by other treatments.
Key facts
No, pneumonectomy is not common. It is reserved for serious lung conditions that cannot be treated with less invasive methods.
It mainly affects adults who have lung cancer, severe tuberculosis, bronchiectasis (widened and scarred airways), or other advanced lung diseases. Smokers and people with a family history of lung cancer are at higher risk.
Pneumonectomy is not diagnosed – it is a treatment. But to decide if you need one, doctors will thoroughly diagnose the underlying lung condition using scans, tests, and biopsies.
Pneumonectomy is the main surgical treatment when one lung is too damaged to heal. After surgery, you will have a hospital stay of about one to two weeks. Recovery takes several months, and you will need regular follow-up care. Other treatments (like chemotherapy or radiation) may be used before or after surgery, depending on the condition.
Before surgery, you may receive treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy to shrink a tumour. After pneumonectomy, you will need pain relief and may be given antibiotics or treatments to prevent blood clots. Your doctor will create a personalised plan based on your condition. Do not take any new medicines without asking your doctor or pharmacist.
After pneumonectomy, you will have only one lung. Most people adjust well, but you may notice being out of breath more easily. You can still do many daily activities, but heavy lifting or vigorous exercise may be harder. It helps to pace yourself and take breaks.
Many conditions that lead to pneumonectomy can be prevented by not smoking, avoiding lung irritants, and treating lung infections early. However, not all cases are preventable, especially if you have a genetic condition or exposure you could not avoid.
Vaccines for flu and pneumonia can reduce your risk of serious lung infections that might damage your remaining lung after surgery. Ask your doctor about whether you need a pneumococcal vaccine or annual flu shot.
Screening for lung cancer with low-dose CT scans may be recommended for people who are at high risk due to age, smoking history, or family history. Early detection can sometimes avoid the need for a full pneumonectomy. Check with your doctor if you think you might benefit from screening.
For many people, pneumonectomy can be a life-saving procedure. Though recovery takes time and your breathing will never be the same as before, most people adjust well to life with one lung. The long-term outlook depends on the condition that required the surgery. For example, if lung cancer is caught early and completely removed, many people go on to live full lives. Your healthcare team will explain what you can expect based on your specific situation.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 9, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
If your doctor thinks you might need a pneumonectomy, they will refer you to a specialist surgeon and a lung team. You will have several appointments to discuss the risks and benefits. You may also be asked to stop smoking and to do breathing exercises before surgery.
Surgery is considered when the lung problem is confined to one lung and cannot be treated with less invasive options, and when you are healthy enough to survive the operation and recover with one lung.
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains to support healing. Gentle exercise, like walking or light stretching, can help your stamina. Your doctor or physiotherapist can design a safe exercise plan for you. Do not push yourself too hard – listen to your body.
Having a major surgery like pneumonectomy can be emotionally challenging. It is normal to feel anxious, sad, or worried about your health. Some people also feel a sense of loss. Talk to your healthcare team about these feelings – they can connect you with support services. If you feel hopeless or are thinking about harming yourself, call a crisis helpline or go to your local emergency room immediately.