Preparing for angioplasty
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Angioplasty is a medical procedure to open up narrowed or blocked blood vessels, usually in the heart. A tiny balloon is inflated inside the vessel to widen it, and often a small mesh tube called a stent is placed to keep it open. This improves blood flow and can relieve symptoms like chest pain.
Key facts
- Angioplasty is often done as a planned procedure, but it may also be used in an emergency, such as during a heart attack.
- Most people stay in the hospital for 1 to 2 days after the procedure.
- After angioplasty, you will need to take medicines to prevent blood clots and manage the underlying condition.
Angioplasty is a common procedure worldwide. In the UK, tens of thousands of angioplasties are performed each year, usually for coronary heart disease.
Angioplasty is most often used for people with coronary heart disease, which affects many adults as they age. It may also be done for blocked arteries in the legs or kidneys.
Symptoms
- Chest pain that does not go away after rest or medicine (especially if it feels like pressure, squeezing, or heaviness)
- Pain spreading to the left arm, back, neck, or jaw
- Shortness of breath that comes on suddenly
- Feeling lightheaded, dizzy, or sweating for no clear reason
- ⚠New or worsening chest pain that occurs with mild activity or at rest
- ⚠Shortness of breath that is getting worse over days
- ⚠Swelling in the legs or ankles that is new or getting worse
Common symptoms
- Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue during physical activity
- Pain in the arms, neck, jaw, shoulder, or back (may be a sign of a heart attack)
Symptoms in children
- Angioplasty is rarely needed in children, but when it is, symptoms may include poor feeding, trouble breathing, or being unusually tired.
Symptoms in older adults
- Older adults may have less typical symptoms, such as nausea, indigestion, or confusion. They might not feel chest pain as strongly.
Causes
Main causes
- The most common cause of blocked arteries is a buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) inside the artery walls, a condition called atherosclerosis.
Risk factors
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Being overweight or obese
- Not being physically active
- Eating a diet high in saturated fat, salt, and sugar
- Having a family history of heart disease
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have chest pain that lasts more than a few minutes or comes and goes, especially with shortness of breath, nausea, or cold sweat, call for emergency help immediately.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you have risk factors for heart disease or symptoms like chest pain with exertion, make an appointment with your GP or a cardiologist (heart specialist).
Diagnosis
Doctors use a combination of talking to you, a physical exam, and tests to see if your arteries are narrowed. They may recommend an angiogram, which is a special X-ray of your blood vessels.
Tests that may be done
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) – measures the heart's electrical activity
- Blood tests – check for markers of heart damage and risk factors like cholesterol
- Stress test – shows how your heart works during exercise
- Coronary angiography – a dye is injected into the heart arteries and X-rays are taken
What to expect at your appointment
If these tests show a blockage that could be treated, your doctor will explain the procedure. You will have time to ask questions. For planned angioplasty, you will be given instructions on how to prepare, such as stopping certain medicines and fasting before the procedure.
Treatment
Angioplasty is a treatment for blocked arteries. It is often done alongside medicines and lifestyle changes to manage the underlying condition. The procedure is usually done while you are awake, using a local anaesthetic (numbing medicine) at the site where the catheter is inserted, typically in the wrist or groin.
Self-care at home
- Stop smoking – this is one of the most important steps you can take for your heart health.
- Eat a heart-healthy diet – plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Stay active – regular, moderate exercise as advised by your doctor.
- Manage stress – try relaxation techniques like deep breathing or gentle yoga.
Medical treatments
Before and after angioplasty, you will be prescribed medicines to help prevent blood clots (like antiplatelet medicines) and to control blood pressure, cholesterol, or other conditions. Always take medicines exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change them without talking to your doctor.
When is surgery considered?
For most people, angioplasty is not considered major surgery. However, in some cases, especially if the blockage is very severe or in a tricky location, a bypass surgery (like coronary artery bypass grafting) may be a better option. Your doctor will discuss all choices with you.
Living with this condition
After angioplasty, many people feel better and can return to normal activities within a week or two. You will need to take medicines daily and attend regular follow-up appointments. Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise until your doctor says it's safe.
Lifestyle tips
- Take your medicines every day, even if you feel fine.
- Watch for signs of problems like bleeding at the catheter site, chest pain, or shortness of breath.
- Keep all follow-up appointments to monitor your progress.
Diet and exercise
A heart-healthy diet and regular exercise are key to preventing further blockages. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days, like brisk walking. Talk to your doctor before starting any new exercise programme.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Having angioplasty can be a stressful experience. You may feel anxious or low after the procedure. It's normal to have these feelings. Talk to your doctor or a counsellor if they don't go away.
Prevention
You can't always prevent the artery disease that leads to needing angioplasty, but you can lower your risk. A healthy lifestyle, not smoking, and managing medical conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes can help reduce the chances of blockages forming.
Screening programmes
Screening for heart disease is not routine for everyone. If you have risk factors, your doctor may recommend tests like a blood pressure check, cholesterol test, or a heart risk assessment.
Complications
If left untreated
- Untreated blocked arteries can lead to a heart attack, stroke, or heart failure.
- It can also cause permanent damage to the heart muscle if blood flow is cut off for too long.
Long-term outlook
For most people, angioplasty is very effective at relieving symptoms and improving blood flow. With ongoing lifestyle changes and medicines, many people enjoy a good quality of life for many years. The key is to follow your doctor's advice and take care of your heart.
Find support
Local organisations
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 17, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.