Preparing for shoulder arthroscopy

Overview

Shoulder arthroscopy is a type of keyhole surgery. The surgeon makes a few small cuts around your shoulder and inserts a tiny camera (arthroscope) to look inside the joint. They can then repair damaged tissues, such as torn tendons or remove bone spurs, without making large incisions.

Yes, shoulder arthroscopy is a common and generally safe procedure performed worldwide.

It is typically recommended for people with shoulder problems that have not improved with non-surgical treatments, such as rest, physiotherapy, or medication.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Persistent shoulder pain, especially at night or when lifting your arm
• Weakness in the shoulder or arm
• A catching or grinding feeling when moving the shoulder
• Stiffness or reduced range of motion

Symptoms in children

• Overuse injuries from sports leading to pain and inflammation
• Instability or feeling that the shoulder is slipping out of place

Symptoms in older adults

• Pain and stiffness from arthritis
• Rotator cuff tears causing weakness and difficulty reaching overhead

Causes

Main causes

• Injury from sports, falls, or repetitive overhead movements
• Age-related wear and tear of tendons and cartilage
• Arthritis (osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis)

Risk factors

• Frequent overhead activities (e.g., swimming, tennis, painting)
• Previous shoulder injury or dislocation
• Family history of shoulder problems
• Smoking, which can impair healing

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you cannot move your shoulder after an injury
• If you have severe pain with fever or swelling

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have ongoing shoulder pain that limits daily activities
• If you notice weakness or instability lasting more than a few weeks
• If non-surgical treatments like rest and physiotherapy have not helped

Diagnosis

Your doctor will start by asking about your symptoms and examining your shoulder. They may also order imaging tests to see inside the joint.

Tests that may be done

• Physical examination to check range of motion and strength
• X-ray to look for arthritis or bone spurs
• Ultrasound or MRI to see soft tissues like tendons and ligaments

What to expect at your appointment

The diagnosis usually happens in a clinic appointment. If surgery is needed, your surgeon will discuss what to expect and how to prepare. They will give you instructions on things like stopping certain medications and arranging time off work.

Treatment

Treatment for shoulder problems often starts with non-surgical methods. If these don't work, your doctor may suggest a shoulder arthroscopy. Surgery aims to repair damage and improve function.

Self-care at home

• Rest your shoulder and avoid movements that cause pain
• Apply ice packs for 20 minutes at a time to reduce swelling
• Do gentle stretching exercises as recommended by a physiotherapist

Medical treatments

Your doctor may recommend over-the-counter pain relievers or prescribe stronger pain relief if needed. They might also suggest corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation. Always follow their advice on what is safe for you.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is usually considered when non-surgical treatments have not helped after several months, or if there is a large tear that needs repair.

Living with this condition

After surgery, you will need to rest your shoulder and follow a rehabilitation plan. This often includes wearing a sling for a few weeks and doing specific exercises to regain movement and strength. Full recovery can take several weeks to months.

Lifestyle tips

• Avoid heavy lifting or overhead activities until your doctor says it is safe
• Modify daily tasks to protect your shoulder, such as using your other arm for lifting
• Sleep with a pillow under your arm for support

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals helps your body heal. Gentle exercise like walking is usually fine, but check with your surgeon before doing any upper body workouts.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

It can be frustrating to have limited movement and pain during recovery. It is normal to feel anxious or down. Talking to friends, family, or a counsellor can help. If you have thoughts of harming yourself, please reach out for immediate support.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent shoulder problems, but you can reduce your risk by strengthening the muscles around your shoulder, using proper technique in sports, and avoiding repetitive overuse. Always warm up before exercise.

Vaccines

There are no vaccines for shoulder conditions.

Screening programmes

Routine screening is not recommended. However, if you have ongoing shoulder issues, your doctor may monitor you.

Complications

If left untreated

• Chronic (long-term) pain and stiffness
• Weakening of the shoulder muscles
• Progression of tears or arthritis

Long-term outlook

Most people who have shoulder arthroscopy experience significant improvement in pain and function. Recovery takes time and effort, but the outlook is generally very good. Your surgeon and physiotherapist will support you throughout the process.

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