Surgery·Surgery
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Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that often appear blue or dark purple just under the skin, usually on the legs. They happen when the valves inside the veins weaken and blood pools instead of flowing upward toward the heart.
Key facts
Yes, varicose veins are very common, especially as people get older.
They are more common in women than men and often run in families. People who stand or sit for long periods, are overweight, or have had multiple pregnancies are also at higher risk.
A doctor can usually diagnose varicose veins by looking at your legs while you stand. They may also feel your veins and ask about your symptoms and family history.
You will lie on an examination table while a gel is spread on your leg and a small handheld device is moved over the skin. There is no pain, and the test usually takes about 20 to 30 minutes. The ultrasound helps the doctor decide if treatment is needed and which type might work best.
Treatment for varicose veins ranges from simple self-care to medical procedures. The goal is to relieve symptoms, improve appearance, and prevent complications. Your doctor will suggest options based on your symptoms and vein size.
Wear compression stockings if recommended. Elevate your legs whenever you can, especially after long periods of standing or sitting. Check your legs regularly for any changes, like new swelling or skin breakdown.
Stay physically active with low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, or cycling. A diet rich in fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains) helps prevent constipation, which can worsen vein pressure. Drinking plenty of water also helps keep blood moving.
You cannot always prevent varicose veins, especially if they run in your family. However, you can lower your risk by staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding long periods of standing or sitting, and elevating your legs when possible.
If you have a strong family history of varicose veins or related conditions, you may want to ask your doctor if screening (like an ultrasound) is right for you. There are no routine screening recommendations for the general public.
For most people, varicose veins are a manageable condition and not a serious health threat. With proper self-care and treatment when needed, symptoms can be greatly improved, and complications are rare. The outlook is very good, and many people return to normal activities quickly after treatment.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 17, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
If self-care is not enough, doctors may recommend procedures such as sclerotherapy (injecting a solution into the vein to close it), laser or radiofrequency treatment (using heat to seal the vein), or vein stripping (surgically removing the vein). These are generally done as outpatient procedures with local or general anesthesia. Your doctor will explain the risks and benefits of each option.
Surgery for varicose veins may be considered if symptoms are severe, self-care and other procedures haven't worked, or if complications like skin ulcers or bleeding develop. Preparing for surgery usually involves stopping certain medications (as advised by your doctor), arranging for time off work, and having someone drive you home. Your healthcare team will give you specific instructions.
Varicose veins can sometimes make people feel self-conscious about their legs or worry about pain and complications. It’s normal to have these feelings. Talking to a doctor or a counselor can help, and knowing there are effective treatments can bring relief.