questions to ask before flu
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
The flu (influenza) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can make you feel very unwell, with fever, cough, body aches, and tiredness. This article helps you know what to ask your healthcare provider so you can prepare for flu season and protect yourself and your family.
Key facts
- Flu is not the same as a cold — it usually comes on suddenly and makes you feel much worse.
- The virus spreads easily through coughs, sneezes, and talking, especially in crowded places.
- An annual flu vaccine is the best way to reduce your risk of getting flu and having serious complications.
Yes. Flu is common all over the world. It normally appears in the autumn and winter each year, and millions of people are affected.
Anyone can get the flu, but young children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with long-term health conditions like asthma or diabetes are more likely to become severely ill.
Symptoms
- Trouble breathing or shortness of breath
- Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
- Sudden confusion or trouble staying awake
- Seizures
- Blue or grey lips or face
- Severe muscle weakness or inability to stand
- ⚠Fever with a rash
- ⚠Symptoms that improve then suddenly get worse
- ⚠In a child: not drinking enough fluids, no tears when crying, or fewer wet nappies
- ⚠In an older adult: new confusion, dizziness, or being less responsive than usual
Common symptoms
- Fever or chills
- Cough (usually dry)
- Sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Muscle or body aches
- Headache
- Feeling very tired or weak
Symptoms in children
- Children can have the same symptoms as adults, plus vomiting or diarrhoea.
- They may become unusually quiet, clingy, or irritable.
- They may have a higher fever than adults.
Symptoms in older adults
- Older adults may not have a high fever — sometimes just a low temperature.
- They can show confusion, dizziness, or a sudden loss of appetite.
- A cough that gets worse or difficulty breathing can be signs of serious flu.
Causes
Main causes
- Influenza viruses (types A and B) cause seasonal flu.
- The virus spreads through droplets when someone with flu coughs, sneezes, or talks.
- You can catch it by touching a surface with the virus and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.
Risk factors
- Being under 5 or over 65
- Living in a care home or long-term facility
- Being pregnant or recently pregnant
- Having a weakened immune system
- Having chronic conditions such as asthma, diabetes, heart disease, or lung disease
- Living or working in crowded spaces, like schools or hospitals
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have any of the emergency symptoms listed above, call your local emergency number immediately.
- If you are at high risk of flu complications and develop flu symptoms, contact your healthcare provider within 48 hours — early treatment can help.
Book a routine appointment if:
- Ask about getting the flu vaccine before the season starts.
- Ask what to do if you get flu, especially if you have a long-term health condition.
- Ask your pharmacist about safe options for reducing fever and aches.
Diagnosis
Doctors usually diagnose flu based on your symptoms and a simple check-up. They may sometimes test you to confirm or to rule out other infections.
Tests that may be done
- A swab from your nose or throat to check for the flu virus
- A rapid flu test that gives results in about 15 minutes
- In hospital, a more sensitive test (PCR) may be used
What to expect at your appointment
Your doctor will ask how you feel, when symptoms started, and about any other health conditions you have. They will tell you whether you need treatment and how to manage your symptoms at home.
Treatment
Treatment for the flu focuses on relieving symptoms and helping your body fight the virus. Most people only need self-care. In some cases, a doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine, which works best if started early.
Self-care at home
- Rest at home until you feel better
- Drink plenty of fluids such as water, clear soup, or herbal tea
- Use a humidifier or take a warm bath to ease cough and stuffiness
- Ask your pharmacist about safe pain and fever relief
- Avoid alcohol and smoking while you are ill
Medical treatments
For people at high risk of serious illness, a doctor may prescribe an antiviral medicine. These are not a cure, but they can shorten the illness and reduce the risk of complications. They work best when started within the first couple of days.
Living with this condition
While you have flu, stay home from work, school, and social activities to avoid spreading the virus. Focus on resting and keeping your fluids up. You can usually return to normal life when your symptoms have improved and you have had no fever for at least 24 hours without medication.
Lifestyle tips
- Wash your hands often with soap and water, or use hand sanitiser
- Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your elbow when you cough or sneeze
- Clean door handles, phones, and other common surfaces regularly
- Get enough sleep and find ways to manage stress
Diet and exercise
Don't force exercise while you are acutely ill. After you recover, start slowly with light walks and build up gradually. Eating nutritious meals and drinking plenty of fluids supports your immune system during recovery.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Fighting the flu can make you feel low, anxious, or frustrated. This is normal. Keep in touch with friends and family by phone or video messages, and be kind to yourself while you rest. If low mood continues after you recover, talk to your healthcare provider.
Prevention
You cannot completely avoid the flu, but you can lower your chances of getting it and reduce how severe it is. The best tools are vaccination, good hygiene, and looking after your overall health.
Vaccines
An annual flu vaccine is recommended for most people aged 6 months and older, especially those at higher risk. The vaccine changes each year to match the most common flu strains. Ask your healthcare provider about getting vaccinated before flu season begins.
Complications
If left untreated
- Pneumonia — an infection of the lungs
- Worsening of asthma, heart failure, or diabetes
- Ear infections, especially in children
- Sinus infections
- In very serious cases, flu can lead to hospital care or, rarely, death
Long-term outlook
For most people, flu improves within one to two weeks with plenty of rest and fluids. Even if you are at higher risk, getting the vaccine and seeking early advice from a healthcare professional greatly lowers your chance of severe illness. Most people recover fully and feel like themselves again.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- NHS ↗ · UK
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.