Recovering after shoulder arthroscopy

Overview

Shoulder arthroscopy is a surgical procedure where a surgeon uses a tiny camera and small instruments to look inside your shoulder joint and fix problems. It is done through small cuts (incisions) in your skin.

Yes, shoulder arthroscopy is a common procedure for many shoulder problems.

It is performed on people of all ages who have shoulder issues such as torn tendons, arthritis, or instability.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Mild to moderate pain around the shoulder after surgery.
• Swelling and bruising on the arm or chest.
• Stiffness and limited range of motion.
• Numbness or tingling in the fingers (usually temporary).

Symptoms in children

• Children may have more swelling but often heal faster than adults.
• They may need help following activity restrictions.

Symptoms in older adults

• Older adults may have more stiffness and slower healing.
• They are at higher risk for shoulder stiffness, so gentle movement is important.

Causes

Main causes

• Rotator cuff tears (torn tendons in the shoulder).
• Shoulder instability or dislocation (loose shoulder joint).
• Labral tears (damage to the cartilage rim around the socket).
• Shoulder impingement (pinching of tendons).
• Removing loose bodies (small pieces of bone or cartilage).

Risk factors

• Repetitive overhead activities (like throwing sports or heavy lifting).
• Aging, which weakens tendons.
• Previous shoulder injuries.
• Participation in contact sports.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have signs of infection: fever, chills, or spreading redness around the wound.
• If your pain is severe and not helped by medications.
• If you have sudden shortness of breath or chest pain.

Book a routine appointment if:

• At your scheduled follow-up appointments with your surgeon.
• If you have questions about your exercise plan or wound care.
• If you notice problems with your sling or brace.

Diagnosis

Before surgery, your doctor will diagnose the shoulder problem using your medical history, a physical exam, and imaging tests.

Tests that may be done

• X-ray to check bones and joint.
• MRI to see soft tissues like tendons and ligaments.
• Ultrasound to examine tendons and fluid.

What to expect at your appointment

During recovery, your surgeon or physiotherapist will assess your progress through check-ups and may order repeat imaging if needed.

Treatment

After shoulder arthroscopy, treatment focuses on pain management, protecting the shoulder, and gradually restoring movement through exercises and physiotherapy.

Self-care at home

• Apply ice packs to the shoulder for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce swelling.
• Keep the incision areas clean and dry until they heal.
• Follow your surgeon's instructions on wearing a sling and safe sleeping positions.
• Do gentle range-of-motion exercises as directed to prevent stiffness.

Medical treatments

Your doctor may recommend pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medicines to help with discomfort. In some cases, they may prescribe stronger pain medicines for a short time. Always take medicines exactly as advised.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is usually a one-time procedure. In rare cases, a second surgery may be needed if problems persist or new issues arise.

Living with this condition

You will need to wear a sling for several weeks to protect the shoulder. Avoid lifting heavy objects, driving, or doing overhead activities until your surgeon says it is safe.

Lifestyle tips

• Plan your home so items you need are within easy reach.
• Ask for help with chores, dressing, and personal care.
• Avoid sleeping on the operated side.
• Return to work gradually, starting with light duties if possible.

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of protein, fruits, and vegetables to support healing. Drink plenty of water. Begin gentle exercises (like pendulum swings) as advised by your physical therapist.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Recovery can be frustrating and take longer than you expect. It is normal to feel down or impatient. Talk to your doctor or physiotherapist if these feelings become overwhelming.

Prevention

Some shoulder problems can be prevented by strengthening the shoulder and back muscles, using proper form during sports and lifting, and avoiding sudden overuse. But not all conditions can be prevented.

Complications

If left untreated

• Stiffness (frozen shoulder) that makes it hard to move the arm.
• Weakness or loss of strength in the shoulder.
• Re-tear of a repaired tendon if you overdo too soon.
• Infection that does not heal properly.

Long-term outlook

With good self-care and following your surgeon’s advice, most people make a full recovery and return to their usual activities within a few months. Your effort with rehabilitation is the key to the best outcome.

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