sinus procedure preparation
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
A sinus procedure is a small surgery to open blocked sinuses and help them drain properly. It is usually done through the nostrils, with no cuts on the face. The doctor may remove tissue that is blocking your sinuses, such as nasal polyps or swollen lining.
Key facts
- Most sinus procedures are done under general anaesthetic, so you will be asleep and feel no pain.
- Recovery usually takes a few days to a few weeks, but full healing can take several months.
- You may need to avoid blowing your nose for a while after surgery to protect the healing area.
- Most people notice improvement in breathing, facial pain, and sense of smell after recovery.
Yes, sinus surgery is a common procedure for people with long-term sinus problems that have not improved with medicines. It is performed by ear, nose, and throat specialists.
Sinus surgery may be recommended for adults and children with chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, or other sinus blockages. Your doctor will decide if it is right for you based on your symptoms and test results.
Symptoms
- High fever with severe headache
- Swelling or redness around one eye
- Sudden vision changes or double vision
- Stiff neck
- Confusion or difficulty waking up
- ⚠Severe facial pain that does not get better
- ⚠Symptoms that suddenly get much worse
- ⚠Nasal discharge with blood, if there is also severe pain
- ⚠Difficulty breathing through your nose that feels dangerous
Common symptoms
- Nasal congestion or stuffiness that does not go away
- Facial pain or pressure around the eyes, forehead, or cheeks
- Headache that feels like a deep ache
- Reduced sense of smell or taste
- Thick nasal discharge that is yellow or green
- A feeling of mucus dripping down the back of your throat
Symptoms in children
- Constant cough
- Irritability or tiredness
- Breathing through the mouth
- Poor sleep or snoring
- Puffiness around the eyes
Symptoms in older adults
- Less typical symptoms like fatigue and confusion
- Dull facial discomfort rather than sharp pain
- Worsening breathing at night
- Changes in sense of smell may be less noticeable
Causes
Main causes
- Chronic inflammation of the sinuses (chronic sinusitis)
- Nasal polyps (soft, non-cancerous growths in the nose)
- A deviated septum (a crooked wall inside the nose)
- Previous infections that have damaged the sinuses
Risk factors
- Allergies, such as hay fever
- Asthma or other breathing conditions
- Smoking or exposure to smoke
- A weakened immune system
- Structural problems in the nose from birth or injury
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have any of the emergency symptoms listed above, call your local emergency number right away.
- If you are in severe pain or feel very unwell, seek medical care the same day.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you continue to have sinus symptoms for more than 12 weeks, see your general practitioner.
- If you have been referred for a sinus procedure, you will have a pre-operative appointment to prepare.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, examine your nose with a small camera (nasal endoscopy), and may request a CT scan to see inside your sinuses clearly.
Tests that may be done
- Nasal endoscopy (a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera)
- CT scan of the sinuses
- Allergy tests, if allergies are suspected
- A sample of nasal discharge, if an infection is present
What to expect at your appointment
You will have a pre-operative assessment before the procedure. This includes checking your general health, discussing your medicines, and explaining the steps of the surgery and recovery.
Treatment
The main treatment for sinus problems that do not get better with medicines is surgery to widen the openings of the sinuses so they can drain properly. Surgery is usually considered only after other treatments have not worked.
Self-care at home
- Stop smoking and avoid second-hand smoke for at least a few weeks before surgery.
- Follow your doctor's instructions about eating and drinking before anaesthetic.
- Arrange for someone to drive you home after the procedure.
- Prepare your home for recovery: have tissues, a humidifier, and easy meals ready.
- Ask your doctor which over-the-counter pain relievers are safe to use, and never take new medicines without asking first.
Medical treatments
Doctors may prescribe nasal sprays, salt-water nasal rinses, or antibiotics for infections. Always use them exactly as directed. Do not stop or start any medicine without talking to your doctor.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is considered when symptoms continue for more than 12 weeks despite medical treatment, or if you have nasal polyps that block your airways and affect your breathing or quality of life.
Living with this condition
After recovery, many people find breathing easier and have less facial pain. You may still need to do salt-water rinses to keep your sinuses clean. Your doctor will give you specific aftercare instructions.
Lifestyle tips
- Use a humidifier at home to keep the air moist.
- Avoid smoke, strong fumes, and dusty environments.
- Drink plenty of water to thin mucus.
- Elevate your head slightly when sleeping to help drainage.
Diet and exercise
A balanced diet with fruits and vegetables helps healing. Gentle exercise is fine once your doctor says it is okay, but avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity for a few weeks after surgery.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Chronic sinus problems can affect sleep, focus, and mood. It is normal to feel frustrated or low. Talking to your doctor or a counsellor can help you cope. You do not have to face it alone.
Prevention
You cannot always prevent the underlying causes of sinus disease, but you can reduce your risk of flare-ups by managing allergies, avoiding smoking, and using a humidifier in dry environments.
Vaccines
Vaccines for flu and pneumonia may be recommended for people with long-term health conditions. Ask your doctor which vaccines are right for you.
Screening programmes
There is no routine screening for sinus problems, but regular check-ups with your doctor can help manage existing conditions.
Complications
If left untreated
- If sinus problems are left untreated, symptoms may continue and affect your daily life.
- Rarely, infection can spread to the area around the eye or the brain, needing urgent care.
Long-term outlook
Most people who have sinus surgery feel better for a long time. Full healing can take a few months, and your doctor will give you clear instructions to help you recover well. With proper care, the outlook is very good.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.