Diabetic annual review checklist
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
The diabetic annual review is a yearly check-up for people with diabetes. It helps you and your healthcare team see how well your diabetes is being managed and catch any problems early.
Key facts
- The review checks your blood sugar control, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
- It includes foot, eye, and kidney checks to prevent complications.
- It is recommended for everyone with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
Yes, annual reviews are a standard part of diabetes care in the UK and many other countries. Most people with diabetes are offered one every year.
Anyone with a diagnosis of diabetes, whether type 1 or type 2, should have an annual review. It is equally important for children, adults, and older adults.
Symptoms
- Very high blood sugar (over 16.7 mmol/L) with vomiting and confusion
- Fruity-smelling breath
- Deep, rapid breathing
- Unconsciousness
- ⚠Blood sugar consistently above 13.9 mmol/L despite treatment
- ⚠Signs of infection (fever, redness, swelling)
- ⚠New or worsening numbness or tingling in feet
- ⚠Vision changes that come on suddenly
Common symptoms
- Frequent urination
- Increased thirst
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Blurred vision
Symptoms in children
- Bedwetting after being dry at night
- Extreme hunger
- Irritability or mood changes
- Yeast infections in girls
Symptoms in older adults
- Dizziness or falls
- Confusion or memory problems
- Slow healing of cuts or sores
- Urinary tract infections
Causes
Main causes
- Diabetes is caused by the body not producing enough insulin or not using it properly. Over time, high blood sugar can damage blood vessels and nerves.
Risk factors
- Long duration of diabetes
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Smoking
- Being overweight
- Not keeping active
- Poorly controlled blood sugar
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Any sign of a diabetic emergency (see symptoms above)
- Foot sores that are not healing or look infected
Book a routine appointment if:
- Schedule your annual review even if you feel well.
- Also see your doctor if you notice new or worsening symptoms like numbness, vision changes, or frequent infections.
Diagnosis
The annual review is not a diagnosis of diabetes, but a check-up. It includes blood tests, physical exams, and screening for complications.
Tests that may be done
- HbA1c blood test – measures average blood sugar over 2-3 months
- Blood pressure check
- Cholesterol blood test
- Urine test for protein (kidney function)
- Foot examination – checking pulses and sensation
- Eye screening (photography) – checks for diabetic retinopathy
What to expect at your appointment
You will have blood taken, your blood pressure measured, and your feet and eyes examined. Your healthcare team will discuss results and your treatment plan. The whole appointment may take about 30-60 minutes.
Treatment
The annual review helps guide your treatment. Depending on results, your doctor may adjust medicines, suggest lifestyle changes, or refer you to a specialist.
Self-care at home
- Monitor your blood sugar regularly at home as advised.
- Take your medicines exactly as prescribed.
- Check your feet daily for cuts, blisters, or swelling.
- Attend all scheduled screenings and appointments.
Medical treatments
Common approaches include medications to lower blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol. Many people use oral tablets or injected medicines. Your doctor will choose the best option based on your health needs. Never change your dose without talking to your healthcare team first.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is rarely needed for diabetes itself. But if you have severe foot infections or eye problems that do not respond to other treatments, procedures such as surgery may be considered.
Living with this condition
Living with diabetes means balancing food, activity, and medicines. The annual review helps you stay on track and adjust your routine as needed.
Lifestyle tips
- Stay physically active – aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Quit smoking if you smoke.
- Limit alcohol and get enough sleep.
Diet and exercise
Eat a balanced diet with plenty of vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Avoid sugary drinks and processed foods. Regular exercise helps control blood sugar and reduces the risk of complications.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Managing diabetes can be stressful. It is common to feel worried, burnt out, or depressed. Talk to your healthcare team about these feelings – they can offer support and connect you with resources.
Prevention
The annual review itself does not prevent diabetes, but it helps prevent and manage complications. By keeping blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol in target ranges, you can lower your risk of serious problems.
Vaccines
People with diabetes should get the annual flu vaccine and other recommended vaccines (such as pneumonia and COVID-19). Ask your doctor which vaccines are right for you.
Screening programmes
Regular eye and foot exams are key to early detection of complications. The annual review includes these screenings.
Complications
If left untreated
- Heart disease or stroke
- Kidney damage (nephropathy)
- Eye damage (retinopathy) leading to blindness
- Nerve damage (neuropathy) causing numbness or pain in feet
- Foot ulcers and infections that may lead to amputation
Long-term outlook
With good care and regular reviews, most people with diabetes can live long, healthy lives. Catching problems early makes a big difference. Your healthcare team is there to help you every step of the way.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- NHS Diabetes (UK) · United Kingdom
- Diabetes UK ↗ · United Kingdom
Helplines
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 25, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.