long lasting artery
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
A long-lasting artery (also called a patent ductus arteriosus, or PDA) is a blood vessel that stays open when it should have closed shortly after birth. In the womb, this artery helps blood flow correctly. After birth, it usually closes on its own. When it doesn't, extra blood flows into the lungs, which can strain the heart over time.
Key facts
- It is a condition present at birth (congenital).
- It is more common in premature babies.
- A small opening may cause no symptoms and may close on its own.
- A larger opening can cause problems like rapid breathing or poor growth.
A long-lasting artery occurs in about 1 in every 2,000 to 5,000 full-term babies. It is more common in premature infants, affecting up to 8 in every 10 very premature babies.
It primarily affects newborn babies, especially those born early (premature). It can also be found in children and adults if it was not noticed at birth.
Symptoms
- Severe difficulty breathing
- Blue or gray color around the lips or skin
- Sudden collapse or fainting
- ⚠Worsening shortness of breath that affects daily activities
- ⚠New or worsening swelling in the legs or belly
- ⚠Chest pain or pressure that doesn't go away with rest
Common symptoms
- Rapid breathing or working hard to breathe
- Poor feeding or tiring easily during feeding
- Fast heart rate
- Sweating while feeding
Symptoms in children
- Being short of breath during play or exercise
- Getting tired more quickly than other children
- Frequent chest colds or pneumonia
Symptoms in older adults
- Shortness of breath during activity
- Heart palpitations (feeling like your heart is pounding or fluttering)
- Swelling in the legs or feet
Causes
Main causes
- In most cases, the exact cause is not known.
- It happens when the ductus arteriosus (a normal blood vessel in the womb) fails to close on its own after birth.
- In premature babies, the vessel is often less developed and does not close as it should.
Risk factors
- Premature birth (born before 37 weeks)
- Being female (slightly higher risk)
- Family history of congenital heart defects
- Certain infections during pregnancy, such as rubella
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If your baby has blue or gray skin, especially around the mouth
- If your baby is struggling to breathe or breathing very fast
- If your adult or child has sudden chest pain or faints
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you notice your baby feeds slowly or sweats during feeding
- If your child gets winded easily during play
- If you have any concerns about your heart health or symptoms that don't go away
Diagnosis
Doctors often find a long-lasting artery during a routine newborn check-up by hearing a heart murmur (a whooshing sound) through a stethoscope. In older children and adults, it may be found when they have symptoms or during tests for other reasons.
Tests that may be done
- Echocardiogram (an ultrasound of the heart) – the main test to confirm the diagnosis
- Chest X-ray – can show changes in the heart or lungs
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) – records the heart's electrical activity
- Pulse oximetry – a small sensor on the finger or foot to check oxygen levels
What to expect at your appointment
If your doctor suspects a long-lasting artery, they will refer you to a heart specialist (cardiologist). The tests are painless and usually done in a clinic or hospital. You will be told what to expect before each test.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the size of the opening and whether it is causing symptoms. Many small ones close on their own within the first year. For larger ones, treatment aims to close the artery to prevent future heart problems.
Self-care at home
- Follow all appointments with your heart doctor
- Keep a watch on your child's feeding and breathing
- For adults, manage other health conditions like high blood pressure
Medical treatments
Doctors may recommend medications to help the artery close if it doesn't close on its own, especially in premature babies. These medications are given in a hospital setting and work by encouraging the vessel to tighten and close.
When is surgery considered?
If the artery does not close with time or medication, a procedure called catheter-based closure is often done. A thin tube (catheter) is guided through a blood vessel to the heart, and a small device is placed to block the opening. In some cases, open-heart surgery may be needed to close the artery.
Living with this condition
Most people with a closed (treated) long-lasting artery can live a normal life with no activity restrictions. For those with a very small opening that doesn't need treatment, regular check-ups with a heart doctor are important to monitor the condition.
Lifestyle tips
- For children, ensure they get routine vaccinations and preventive care
- Adults should maintain a healthy weight and avoid smoking
- Follow recommended dental care to prevent infections that could affect the heart
Diet and exercise
A heart-healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains is recommended. Regular exercise is encouraged, but discuss any activity limits with your doctor—most people have no restrictions.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Living with a heart condition can cause worry for both parents and patients. It is normal to feel anxious. Talking to a counselor or joining a support group can help. Remember that most long-lasting arteries can be successfully treated.
Prevention
There is no known way to prevent a long-lasting artery, as it is a developmental condition. However, good prenatal care—including avoiding infections like rubella through vaccination—can reduce some risks.
Vaccines
The MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella) is important before pregnancy to prevent rubella, which can cause congenital heart defects including a long-lasting artery.
Screening programmes
Newborn screening for critical congenital heart disease using pulse oximetry can help detect some cases early. Routine check-ups with a pediatrician are also important.
Complications
If left untreated
- Heart failure (the heart works too hard and becomes weak)
- High blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension)
- Infection of the heart lining (endocarditis)
- Poor growth in infants and children
Long-term outlook
The outlook for a long-lasting artery is very good. Many small ones close without any treatment. For those that need closure, procedures are highly successful and allow most people to lead healthy, active lives. With proper medical care, the long-term prognosis is excellent.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 21, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.