long lasting varicose veins

Overview

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that often appear on the legs. They happen when the small valves inside veins stop working properly, allowing blood to pool. 'Long-lasting' means these veins have been present for a long time and may not go away on their own.

Yes, varicose veins affect about 1 in 4 adults at some point in their lives.

They are more common in women, people over 40, those with a family history, and people who spend a lot of time standing or sitting. Pregnancy and obesity also increase the risk.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Visible bulging or twisted veins, often blue or purple
• Aching, heavy, or tired legs, especially after standing
• Swelling in the feet and ankles
• Itching or burning around the veins
• Cramping in the legs at night

Symptoms in children

• Varicose veins are rare in children. If they appear, they may be linked to a congenital condition and should be checked by a doctor.

Symptoms in older adults

• Symptoms may be more pronounced in older adults, including more severe swelling, skin changes like dryness or thinning, and a higher chance of developing leg ulcers or bleeding.

Causes

Main causes

• Weakened or damaged valves in the veins that normally keep blood flowing toward the heart
• Stretched or weakened vein walls, which allow veins to widen and valves to fail

Risk factors

• Getting older
• Being female
• Having a family history of varicose veins
• Being pregnant
• Being overweight or obese
• Standing or sitting for long periods without moving
• Not getting enough exercise

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have sudden leg swelling, pain, or warmth that suggests a blood clot
• If a varicose vein bleeds and you cannot stop it with gentle pressure

Book a routine appointment if:

• If the veins are causing pain, aching, or itching that affects your daily life
• If you notice skin changes, such as darkening or a sore near the vein
• If you have concerns about how the veins look

Diagnosis

A healthcare provider can usually diagnose varicose veins by looking at your legs and asking about your symptoms. They may also check for swelling or skin changes.

Tests that may be done

• Duplex ultrasound – a painless test that uses sound waves to see how blood flows through your veins and check for blood clots

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will examine your legs while you are standing and lying down. They may ask you to walk around. If an ultrasound is needed, a gel is applied to your leg, and a small handheld device is moved over the skin. The test takes about 15–30 minutes.

Treatment

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and improve appearance. For many people, self-care and lifestyle changes are enough. If you need more help, various medical treatments are available.

Self-care at home

• Exercise regularly – walking is great for improving blood flow
• Elevate your legs when resting – raise them above heart level for 15–30 minutes a few times a day
• Wear compression stockings – they gently squeeze your legs to help blood flow. Ask your doctor or pharmacist about the right type
• Avoid standing or sitting for long periods – move and stretch every hour

Medical treatments

If self-care is not enough, a specialist may offer treatments such as: injection therapy (sclerotherapy) where a solution is injected into the vein to close it; laser or radiofrequency ablation which uses heat to seal off the vein; or phlebectomy, a minor surgery to remove small veins through tiny cuts. These are usually done as outpatient procedures.

Living with this condition

Most people with long-lasting varicose veins can manage symptoms well with self-care. Wearing compression stockings, staying active, and elevating your legs when possible can make a big difference. If symptoms worsen, talk to your doctor.

Lifestyle tips

• Keep moving – walk, swim, or cycle regularly
• Avoid standing or sitting still for more than an hour at a time
• Put your feet up whenever you can – use a stool or pillow
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your veins

Diet and exercise

Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fibre can prevent constipation, which can worsen vein problems. Exercise such as walking, swimming, and cycling helps pump blood through your veins. Aim for at least 30 minutes of activity most days.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Varicose veins can affect how you feel about your appearance, which may cause worry or lower self-esteem. It is important to remember that they are very common and treatments are available. If you feel anxious or down, talk to your doctor or a counsellor.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent varicose veins, especially if they run in your family. But staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, not crossing your legs for long periods, and moving regularly during long trips can help reduce your risk.

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening for varicose veins. If you have symptoms or a family history, ask your doctor during a check-up.

Complications

If left untreated

• Phlebitis – inflammation of a vein, causing redness and tenderness
• Skin ulcers – open sores that can form near the ankle, especially if the skin becomes damaged
• Bleeding – a varicose vein near the skin can bleed if bumped or scratched
• Chronic venous insufficiency – long-term poor blood flow that can cause swelling, skin changes, and discomfort

Long-term outlook

For most people, varicose veins do not lead to serious problems. With good self-care and medical treatment when needed, symptoms can be well controlled. Many treatments are effective and have excellent results.

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