Testicular pain — Patient information · Ruqelo Health
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Testicular pain
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Educational summary — not medical advice. Discuss with your healthcare provider.
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Testicular pain is discomfort or pain in one or both testicles. It can range from a dull ache to a sudden sharp pain. The cause may be something minor like a small injury, or something more serious like an infection or a twisting of the testicle (called testicular torsion). This article explains possible causes, when you should see a doctor, and how the problem may be treated.
Key facts
Testicular pain can be caused by injury, infection, or a twisting of the spermatic cord (testicular torsion).
Testicular torsion is a medical emergency and needs urgent treatment to save the testicle.
Most causes of testicular pain are treatable, and the outlook is generally good when you get care quickly.
Yes, testicular pain is a common reason for men to visit their general practitioner or the emergency department. It can happen at any age.
It affects males of all ages, from newborn babies to older adults. Teenagers and young adults are more at risk for testicular torsion, while older men may have more risk of infections or other conditions.
Questions about this article
Symptoms
Call emergency services immediately if you notice:
Sudden, severe pain in one testicle that comes on quickly
Pain along with nausea, vomiting, or dizziness
Swelling of the scrotum that appears suddenly
Fever and chills with testicular pain
If you cannot pass urine or have blood in your urine
See a doctor urgently (same day) if you notice:
⚠Pain that does not go away after a few hours
⚠Pain after an injury to the testicles
⚠A lump or change in the size or shape of a testicle
⚠Pain or burning when you urinate, or discharge from the penis
Common symptoms
Pain in one or both testicles – this may be sudden and severe or a slow, dull ache
Swelling or redness of the scrotum
Tenderness when the testicle is touched
Pain that spreads to the lower abdomen or groin
A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
Symptoms in children
Crying or irritability for no clear reason
Pulling or grabbing at the groin area
Vomiting or nausea
Refusing to walk or limping
Swelling or redness of the scrotum
Symptoms in older adults
A dull ache or discomfort that comes and goes
Swelling or a lump in the scrotum
A feeling of heaviness in the testicle
Pain that is less intense but lasts longer
Causes
Main causes
Injury – a direct blow to the testicles, such as during sports or an accident
Infection – such as epididymitis (inflammation of the tube that stores sperm) or orchitis (inflammation of the testicle itself), often caused by bacteria or viruses
Testicular torsion – the spermatic cord twists, cutting off blood flow to the testicle. This is a medical emergency.
Inguinal hernia – part of the intestine pushes into the groin, causing pain in the testicle
Kidney stones – stones passing through the urinary tract can cause pain that radiates to the testicle
Post-vasectomy pain – some men have ongoing discomfort after a vasectomy
Testicular cancer – usually presents as a painless lump, but can sometimes cause pain
Risk factors
Playing sports without protective gear
Having a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
Having had a urinary tract infection
Being between ages 10 and 20 (higher risk for testicular torsion)
Having an undescended testicle as a child
Having a family history of testicular problems
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
Sudden, severe pain in a testicle that comes on quickly
Testicular pain with nausea, vomiting, or fever
Swelling of the scrotum that appears very quickly
Pain after a serious injury to the testicles
Book a routine appointment if:
Dull ache or discomfort that lasts more than a few days
A new lump or swelling in a testicle
Pain or burning when you urinate
Any change in the size or feel of a testicle
If you have a very minor injury that causes only brief mild pain, and it goes away completely with no swelling or other symptoms, you can usually wait and see. But if you are worried at all, it is always safe to check with a doctor.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and any recent injuries, infections, or activities. They will then examine you, which includes gently checking your testicles, scrotum, and lower abdomen. The exam may feel a bit uncomfortable but is very quick.
Tests that may be done
Urine test – to check for infection
Blood test – to check for signs of infection or other problems
Ultrasound scan – a painless test that uses sound waves to make pictures of your testicles and check blood flow (especially important to diagnose torsion)
Sometimes a CT scan or other imaging if the cause is not clear
What to expect at your appointment
The doctor will ask you to lie down and may gently press on your scrotum. For an ultrasound, a gel is put on your skin and a small device is moved over the area. You may be asked to provide a urine sample. In most cases, the diagnosis can be made during your visit.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of your testicular pain. Some causes get better on their own, while others need medication or surgery. Your doctor will explain the options that are right for you. Always follow your doctor's advice about treatment.
Self-care at home
Rest and avoid strenuous activity for a day or two
Apply an ice pack wrapped in a thin cloth to the scrotum for 10-15 minutes at a time to reduce swelling
Wear supportive underwear or a jockstrap to help support the testicles
Take over-the-counter pain relievers from your pharmacy (ask your pharmacist for advice)
Medical treatments
If the cause is a bacterial infection, your doctor may prescribe antibiotics. For inflammation or pain, they may recommend anti-inflammatory medicines or stronger painkillers. In some cases, such as for viral orchitis, only symptom relief is needed. Hormonal treatments are rarely used.
When is surgery considered?
Testicular torsion always needs emergency surgery to untwist the testicle and fix it in place. Surgery may also be needed for a hernia that does not go back on its own, to drain an abscess, or to remove a testicle that cannot be saved. Your doctor will discuss the benefits and risks.
Living with this condition
Most testicular pain gets better within days to weeks with proper care. After surgery, you may need a few weeks to recover fully. During recovery, avoid heavy lifting, sports, or sex until your doctor says it is safe. Follow your doctor's instructions about when you can return to work or school.
Lifestyle tips
Wear supportive underwear during physical activity
Avoid activities that put pressure on the testicles, like cycling, until you are healed
Practice safe sex to reduce the risk of infections that can cause testicular pain
Keep the area clean and dry to prevent skin infections
Diet and exercise
A balanced diet and regular exercise help your overall health. Drink plenty of water to help prevent kidney stones, which can cause testicular pain. If you have had surgery, start slowly with walking and gradually increase activity as you feel ready.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Testicular pain can be worrying and may affect your mood. It is normal to feel anxious or embarrassed. Talking to your doctor, a counsellor, or a trusted person can help. If you feel very down or anxious, speak to your healthcare provider for support.
Prevention
Not all causes of testicular pain can be prevented, but you can lower your risk of injury by wearing a protective cup during contact sports. Using condoms can reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections that cause epididymitis. Staying well-hydrated may help prevent some kidney stones.
Vaccines
The MMR vaccine (given in childhood) protects against mumps, which can cause orchitis (testicle inflammation). Make sure your vaccinations are up to date.
Screening programmes
Routine testicular self-examination is not recommended for all men, but being aware of what is normal for you is important. If you notice any lump, swelling, or change in size or feel, see your doctor. There is no routine screening test for testicular cancer in the UK.
Complications
If left untreated
Loss of the testicle if testicular torsion is not treated within a few hours
Long-term pain or discomfort
Infertility, especially if both testicles are affected by infection or torsion
Spread of infection to other parts of the body
Long-term outlook
The outlook for testicular pain is generally very good. Most causes are treatable, and even if one testicle is lost, the remaining testicle can usually produce enough hormones and sperm for a normal life. The key is to get medical help quickly if you have sudden or severe pain. With prompt care, most people recover fully.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 9, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
