trauma that comes and goes

Overview

Some people have upsetting feelings, memories, or physical reactions to a past traumatic event. These symptoms may come and go over time. This is often called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or complex PTSD, but not everyone who has symptoms has a disorder. It is a normal response to an abnormal event.

Yes. It is common to have trauma-related symptoms after a frightening or dangerous event. Most people feel better with time and support, but some need extra help.

It can affect anyone who has experienced, witnessed, or learned about a traumatic event. This includes men, women, children, older adults, and people of all backgrounds.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Repeated, unwanted memories of the trauma
• Flashbacks, when you feel as if the event is happening again
• Bad dreams or nightmares related to the trauma
• Avoiding places, people, or activities that remind you of the trauma
• Feeling jumpy, easily startled, or always on guard
• Trouble sleeping or concentrating
• Feeling numb, detached, or unable to enjoy things you used to
• Irritability, anger, or strong mood changes

Symptoms in children

• Replaying the trauma during play or in drawings
• Avoiding reminders of the event
• New fears or clinginess
• Nightmares or trouble sleeping
• Wetting the bed despite being past that stage
• Acting out or withdrawing from family and friends

Symptoms in older adults

• Physical complaints without a clear medical cause
• Withdrawing from social activities
• Increased confusion or forgetfulness
• Sleeping problems
• Less interest in things they used to enjoy
• Mood changes or irritability

Causes

Main causes

• Experiencing a traumatic event, such as an accident, violence, abuse, or war
• Witnessing someone being hurt or killed
• Learning that a loved one experienced a trauma
• Repeated exposure to disturbing details, such as in some jobs
• Going through prolonged stress, such as ongoing abuse or neglect

Risk factors

• Having little support after the event
• Experiencing multiple traumas in life
• Having a history of anxiety, depression, or other mental health conditions
• Feeling intense fear, helplessness, or horror during the event
• Being female (higher chance of certain traumas)
• Having had a trauma earlier in life

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have thoughts of harming yourself or someone else, call your local emergency number right now.
• If you feel like you cannot keep yourself safe, get immediate help.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If trauma symptoms last more than a few weeks and affect your daily life
• If you are avoiding many places or situations because of fear
• If your sleep, work, or relationships are struggling
• If you are using alcohol or drugs to cope

Diagnosis

A healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms, your life, and the trauma you experienced. They may use a questionnaire to understand how you are doing. There is no blood test or scan for trauma-related conditions.

Tests that may be done

• A detailed conversation about your symptoms and history
• A questionnaire about mood, anxiety, and trauma exposure
• A physical exam to rule out other causes of your symptoms
• A review of your alcohol and drug use

What to expect at your appointment

Your provider will listen without judgement and explain your options. They may offer treatment themselves or refer you to a mental health specialist. You can ask questions and take your time deciding what to do next.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on helping you process the trauma, reduce symptoms, and regain a sense of safety. Talking therapies are usually the first step, but some people also benefit from medicine. You and your provider will find the plan that works best for you.

Self-care at home

• Talk to someone you trust about how you feel
• Keep a regular daily routine
• Practice slow, deep breathing when you feel stressed
• Limit news and social media that may trigger you
• Stay connected with people who support you
• Try gentle physical activity like walking

Medical treatments

Your healthcare provider may discuss medicines such as antidepressants or other types of medication that can help with trauma symptoms. These are not a cure, but they can make it easier to do therapy and function day to day. Always talk to your provider about the risks and benefits. Do not start or stop any medicine without their guidance.

Living with this condition

Take one day at a time. Notice what triggers your symptoms and have a plan, like calling a friend or using a calming technique. Be patient with yourself, because healing is not a straight line.

Lifestyle tips

• Get enough sleep by keeping a regular sleep schedule
• Exercise regularly to release tension and improve mood
• Limit caffeine and alcohol, which can worsen anxiety
• Set small, realistic goals for each day
• Make time for activities you enjoy
• Think about joining a support group for people with similar experiences

Diet and exercise

Eating regular, balanced meals and staying active can help your mood and energy. A simple walk, stretching, or dancing can reduce stress. Also, drink enough water and try not to skip meals.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Trauma can affect your mood, self-esteem, and relationships. You may feel sad, angry, or numb. It is important to remember these feelings are part of the healing process, and talking to a professional can help you handle them.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent a traumatic event, but getting support soon after a trauma can reduce the chance of long-term symptoms. Having strong relationships and healthy ways to cope also help your recovery.

Complications

If left untreated

• Symptoms may become worse or happen more often
• You may avoid many places and activities, leading to isolation
• You may develop depression, anxiety, or panic attacks
• You may turn to alcohol or drugs to cope
• Your work, school, and relationships may suffer

Long-term outlook

With the right support and treatment, most people improve. Symptoms may still come back during stressful times, but you can learn skills to cope. Recovery takes time, but it is possible and you are worth the effort.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.