varicose veins after exercise

Overview

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see under your skin, most often in the legs. After exercise, they may look more noticeable or feel more uncomfortable because exercise increases blood flow and pressure in the veins.

Yes, varicose veins affect up to 3 out of 10 adults. They become more common as you get older.

Varicose veins can affect anyone, but they are more common in women, people who are overweight, those who stand or sit for long periods, and people with a family history.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Aching, heaviness, or tiredness in the legs, especially after standing or exercise.
• Swelling in the ankles or feet.
• Itching or burning sensation around the veins.
• Visible blue or dark purple veins that look twisted and bulging.

Symptoms in children

• Varicose veins are rare in children. If they appear, a doctor should check for a vein problem present at birth.

Symptoms in older adults

• Symptoms may be more severe, with more swelling, skin discolouration, or even leg sores (ulcers).
• Skin around the ankle may become thin, itchy, or prone to injury.

Causes

Main causes

• Weak or damaged valves in the veins that allow blood to flow backward and pool.
• Increased pressure in the veins from standing or sitting for long periods.
• Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or menopause.

Risk factors

• Age (over 50).
• Being female.
• Having a family history of varicose veins.
• Being overweight or obese.
• Pregnancy.
• Jobs that require long hours of standing or sitting.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have symptoms that suggest a blood clot (deep vein thrombosis): sudden leg swelling, severe pain, warmth, and redness.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If varicose veins cause persistent pain or discomfort that interferes with daily life.
• If you notice skin changes like rash, sores, or thickening around the ankles.
• If you are worried about the appearance of your veins or want to discuss treatment options.

Diagnosis

A doctor can usually diagnose varicose veins by looking at your legs while you are standing. They may also recommend an ultrasound scan to check how the blood is flowing and see if the valves are working properly.

Tests that may be done

• Physical examination of your legs.
• Doppler ultrasound – a painless scan that uses sound waves to show blood flow.

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and look at your legs. If they suggest an ultrasound, it is quick and painless – you lie down while a small device is moved over your skin.

Treatment

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Many people can manage varicose veins at home with self-care. If needed, there are medical procedures to close or remove the affected veins.

Self-care at home

• Wear compression stockings (support stockings) to improve blood flow and reduce discomfort.
• Elevate your legs when sitting or lying down – ideally above heart level.
• Exercise regularly, especially walking and swimming, to help your calf muscles pump blood upward.
• Avoid standing or sitting for long periods – take short breaks to move around.

Medical treatments

There are several procedures a doctor may offer. These include using heat (laser or radiofrequency) to seal the vein closed, injecting a solution to make the vein collapse (sclerotherapy), or minor surgery to tie off and remove the vein. Your doctor will explain which option may suit you best.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery may be recommended if you have severe symptoms, skin ulcers (sores), or bleeding that does not improve with other treatments. The most common surgery is called 'ligation and stripping', where the vein is tied off and removed.

Living with this condition

You can live a full, active life with varicose veins. Simple habits like wearing compression stockings, moving regularly, and raising your legs at the end of the day can help keep symptoms under control.

Lifestyle tips

• Keep a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your veins.
• Exercise most days – walking, cycling, or swimming are excellent choices.
• Avoid wearing very tight clothes that can restrict blood flow.
• Try not to cross your legs when sitting for long periods.

Diet and exercise

Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fibre can help prevent constipation, which can push on veins. Exercise is very helpful because it strengthens your calf muscles and helps push blood back up to your heart. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Some people feel self-conscious about how their varicose veins look. This can affect your confidence. Talking to your doctor about treatment options or joining a support group can help. Remember, varicose veins are very common and do not define your health or worth.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent varicose veins, especially if they run in your family. However, staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding long periods of sitting or standing, and not crossing your legs can lower your risk.

Complications

If left untreated

• Superficial thrombophlebitis – inflammation of a vein just under the skin, causing pain and redness.
• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) – a blood clot in a deeper vein, which can be serious.
• Skin changes such as darkening, hardening, or eczema around the ankle.
• Leg ulcers (sores) that can be slow to heal.
• Bleeding from a varicose vein if it is injured.

Long-term outlook

For most people, varicose veins are harmless and can be managed well with simple lifestyle changes and support. Even if complications occur, treatments are effective and can keep your legs healthy. With good care, you can continue to enjoy an active life.

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