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Flank pain is discomfort or pain on one side of your body, between your ribs and hip. It often comes from your kidney, urinary tract, or muscles in that area.
Key facts
Yes, flank pain is a common reason people visit their doctor or emergency department. Many adults experience it at some point.
Flank pain can affect people of all ages. Kidney stones are more common in men, while urinary tract infections are more common in women. Muscle strain can happen to anyone.
Your doctor will ask about your pain, when it started, and any other symptoms. They will also check your back and belly for tenderness.
The doctor may press gently on your back or side to see where it hurts. You might be asked to give a urine sample. If the cause is not clear, you may have a scan. The visit usually takes 30 to 60 minutes. Results from urine and blood tests may be ready in a few hours.
Treatment for flank pain depends on what is causing it. Many causes get better with self-care and medication. Infections require antibiotics. Kidney stones often pass on their own with pain relief and plenty of fluids.
If you have a kidney infection, your doctor will prescribe antibiotics. For kidney stones, you may be given medication to help relax the ureter (the tube from kidney to bladder) so the stone can pass more easily. Pain relievers are also given. In some cases, stones may need to be broken up with sound waves (lithotripsy) or removed with a small procedure.
Follow your treatment plan. If you have an infection, finish all your antibiotics even if you feel better. If you have kidney stones, keep drinking water to help pass them. Watch for any return of pain or fever.
A balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables is good for overall kidney health. If you have had kidney stones, your doctor may suggest eating less salt or avoiding foods high in oxalates (like spinach or nuts). Gentle stretching and walking can help muscle strain, but avoid heavy lifting until you're healed.
Some causes of flank pain can be reduced by staying hydrated, treating urinary tract infections early, and avoiding heavy lifting when possible. Kidney stones can sometimes be prevented with diet changes, but not all cases can be avoided.
Vaccines do not directly prevent flank pain, but staying up to date on vaccines like the flu shot can help prevent illnesses that might lead to infections.
There is no routine screening for flank pain in healthy people. If you have had kidney stones or repeated infections, your doctor may suggest regular urine tests or imaging to watch for new stones.
The outlook for most people with flank pain is good. With the right diagnosis and treatment, most causes improve or resolve completely. Even serious infections usually heal with antibiotics. If you have a condition like recurring kidney stones, you can manage it with your doctor's help and enjoy a full, active life.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Surgery is rarely needed for the most common causes of flank pain. It may be considered if a kidney stone is too large to pass, if there is a blockage, if an abscess (pus pocket) forms, or if a tumor is found.
Chronic or recurring flank pain can be stressful and worrying. It is normal to feel anxious or frustrated. Talk to your doctor about these feelings – they can suggest ways to cope, like relaxation techniques or speaking to a counselor.