When to seek care for tooth pain

Overview

Tooth pain is a discomfort or ache in or around a tooth. It can range from mild to severe and may come and go or be constant.

Yes, tooth pain is very common. Many people experience it at some point in their lives.

Tooth pain can affect anyone, regardless of age. It is often related to poor oral hygiene, but can also happen due to accidents or other health conditions.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Sharp or throbbing pain in or around a tooth
• Pain when chewing or biting down
• Sensitivity to hot or cold foods and drinks
• Swelling or tenderness in the gums near the tooth

Symptoms in children

• Pain when eating sweets or hot or cold foods
• Reluctance to chew on one side of the mouth
• Earache or headache that may come from tooth pain

Symptoms in older adults

• A dull, constant ache in a tooth or gum
• Pain from dentures or ill-fitting dental work
• Sensitivity due to receding gums

Causes

Main causes

• Tooth decay (cavities)
• Gum disease (infection of the gums)
• Tooth abscess (infection at the root of the tooth)
• A cracked or fractured tooth
• Impacted wisdom teeth (teeth that do not come in properly)

Risk factors

• Poor oral hygiene (not brushing and flossing regularly)
• Eating a lot of sugary foods and drinks
• Smoking or using tobacco
• A dry mouth (common with some medicines)
• Grinding or clenching your teeth (bruxism)

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have a visible abscess (a swollen bump on the gum that may ooze pus)
• If you have severe pain that wakes you up at night
• If you have a tooth knocked out or broken

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have mild tooth pain that lasts more than a day or two
• If you have sensitivity to hot or cold that does not go away
• For regular dental check-ups even if you have no pain

Diagnosis

A dentist will examine your teeth and gums, ask about your symptoms, and may take X-rays to see what is happening inside the tooth.

Tests that may be done

• Visual examination of the teeth and gums
• Dental X-rays
• Cold or heat sensitivity test
• Percussion test (gently tapping on the tooth)

What to expect at your appointment

The dentist will explain what is likely causing your pain and discuss treatment options with you. They may refer you to a specialist if needed.

Treatment

Treatment for tooth pain depends on the cause. It may range from simple fillings to more complex procedures like root canals. Your dentist will recommend the best option for you.

Self-care at home

• Rinse your mouth with warm salt water
• Take over-the-counter pain relievers as directed on the label
• Avoid very hot, cold, or sugary foods and drinks
• Use a cold compress on the outside of your face if there is swelling

Medical treatments

Dental treatments may include fillings for cavities, antibiotics for infection, root canal therapy to save an infected tooth, or extraction if the tooth cannot be saved. Your dentist will explain these options.

When is surgery considered?

Serious infections or impacted wisdom teeth may require surgery. Your dentist will refer you to an oral surgeon if needed.

Living with this condition

If you have ongoing tooth pain, maintain good oral hygiene (brush twice daily, floss once daily). Avoid chewing on the painful side. Use a soft toothbrush to avoid irritating the tooth.

Lifestyle tips

• Brush your teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste
• Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
• Visit your dentist for check-ups every 6 to 12 months
• Avoid sugary snacks and drinks between meals

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet low in sugar helps prevent tooth decay. Crunchy fruits and vegetables can help clean teeth naturally. Avoid frequent snacking.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Chronic tooth pain can cause stress, anxiety, or trouble sleeping. It is important to address the pain with a dentist to improve your overall well-being.

Prevention

Most tooth pain can be prevented with good oral hygiene and regular dental visits. Eating a healthy diet and avoiding tobacco also help.

Complications

If left untreated

• Spread of infection to other teeth or to the jaw
• Abscess that can spread to the neck, face, or bloodstream (sepsis)
• Permanent loss of the tooth

Long-term outlook

With proper treatment, most tooth pain can be resolved. Early care leads to the best outcomes and helps save your natural teeth.

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