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The ankle-brachial index (ABI) test is a simple, painless test that checks for reduced blood flow to your legs. It compares the blood pressure in your ankle with the blood pressure in your arm. A lower reading in your ankle can be a sign of narrowing or blockage in the arteries of your legs, a condition called peripheral artery disease (PAD).
Key facts
Doctors often perform the ABI test when they suspect someone has poor circulation in their legs. It is a routine, non-invasive test done in clinics and hospitals.
The ABI test is most often used for people who have risk factors for peripheral artery disease, such as smokers, people with diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or those over age 50. It can also be used for anyone with leg pain while walking.
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and risk factors. If they suspect peripheral artery disease, they will recommend an ABI test. The test is usually done in a doctor’s office or a vascular lab.
You will lie down for about 10 minutes before the test. A cuff is placed on your upper arm and another around your ankle. The cuffs are inflated and then slowly deflated while a special device records the blood pressures. The test is painless and takes about 15 to 20 minutes.
Treatment for peripheral artery disease focuses on managing risk factors and improving blood flow. It often includes lifestyle changes and, if needed, medicines or procedures. Your doctor will work with you to create a plan based on your symptoms and test results.
Your doctor may recommend medicines to help lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, prevent blood clots, or control blood sugar. Some medicines can help improve walking distance. Always take your medicines exactly as prescribed.
Living with peripheral artery disease means taking good care of your health. Stay active within your limits, wear comfortable shoes, and check your feet daily for any problems. Let your doctor know if symptoms change.
You cannot always prevent peripheral artery disease, but you can lower your risk by avoiding smoking, staying active, eating well, and keeping blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes under control. These steps also help slow the progression if you already have PAD.
Screening with the ABI test is not recommended for everyone. Your doctor may suggest it if you have risk factors or symptoms. Talk to your doctor if you think you should be tested.
With early diagnosis and proper management, most people with peripheral artery disease can maintain a good quality of life. Many people find that walking and lifestyle changes greatly improve their symptoms. Your healthcare team will help you take steps to protect your health and prevent complications.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 8, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
If symptoms are severe or a blockage is critical, your doctor may suggest a procedure such as angioplasty (opening the artery with a balloon) or bypass surgery (using a graft to reroute blood flow). These are only considered when lifestyle and medicines aren’t enough.
Eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help control blood pressure and cholesterol. A walking programme, even if you have pain, can gradually improve your walking distance. Your doctor or a physiotherapist can guide you.
Living with a chronic condition like PAD can sometimes feel frustrating or worrying. It is normal to have concerns. Talking to your doctor, joining a support group, or speaking with a counsellor can help.