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A bone density scan, also called a DXA scan, is a quick, painless test that measures the strength of your bones. It uses a low dose of X-rays to see how dense your bones are, which helps your healthcare provider check your risk of fractures (broken bones).
Key facts
Yes, bone density scans are a common outpatient test. Many people have one to check for osteoporosis, especially as they get older.
A bone density scan is often recommended for women after menopause, people over 50 with risk factors for osteoporosis, and anyone who has had a fracture after a minor fall.
A bone density scan (DXA) is the main test used to diagnose osteoporosis. It measures bone mineral density at the hip and spine. Results are compared to a healthy young adult reference (T-score).
You will lie on a padded table while a machine passes over your lower spine and hips. The scan is painless and takes about 15 minutes. Wear comfortable clothing without metal zippers or buttons. You may be asked to stop calcium supplements 24 hours before the test.
If your bone density scan shows low bone density or osteoporosis, treatment focuses on slowing bone loss, strengthening bones, and preventing fractures. This includes lifestyle changes and sometimes medication.
Your doctor may prescribe a type of medicine called a bisphosphonate (taken as a tablet or injection) or other drugs that help maintain or increase bone density. These are not recommended for everyone and are chosen based on your age, bone density results, and fracture risk. Your doctor will explain the options and possible side effects.
If you have osteoporosis, focus on preventing falls at home — remove loose rugs, improve lighting, and use handrails. Be careful with activities that involve bending or twisting the spine. Talk to your doctor about safe exercise.
Aim for 1000-1300 mg of calcium per day from food and supplements combined. Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium. Good sources include milk, yogurt, cheese, sardines, eggs, and fortified breakfast cereals. For exercise, try brisk walking, jogging, tennis, or hiking at least 30 minutes most days. Also include exercises that improve balance, like tai chi or yoga (avoid poses that twist the spine).
You can lower your risk of osteoporosis by building strong bones early in life and maintaining bone density as you age. A healthy lifestyle with enough calcium, vitamin D, and exercise is key. Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol also helps.
No vaccine directly prevents osteoporosis. However, staying up to date with vaccines (like flu and pneumonia) helps you avoid illnesses that could lead to falls or inactivity.
A bone density scan is a screening test for osteoporosis. It is recommended for women aged 65 and older, and for younger women and men with risk factors. Talk to your doctor about whether you need a scan based on your age and health history.
With early detection and proper management, most people with osteoporosis lead active, fulfilling lives. Treatments are very effective at reducing fracture risk. Even if fractures have occurred, steps can be taken to prevent future ones and maintain bone health.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 8, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Surgery is not usually needed for low bone density itself. However, if you have a hip fracture, you may need surgery to repair or replace the hip. Spinal fractures may sometimes be treated with a procedure called vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty.
Living with osteoporosis or the fear of fractures can cause anxiety or depression. It's normal to feel worried. Talk to your doctor about your feelings and consider joining a support group to share experiences.