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A Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) test checks for an infection in your stomach caused by a type of bacteria. This germ can live in the stomach lining and sometimes cause ulcers or other problems.
Key facts
Yes, H. pylori infection is very common. It affects about half of the world's population, though many people never know they have it.
Anyone can get H. pylori, but it is more common in people living in crowded conditions or areas with poor sanitation. It often starts in childhood.
Your doctor may recommend one or more tests to check for H. pylori. The choice depends on your symptoms, medical history, and whether you have already had treatment.
For the breath test or stool test, you will be asked to stop taking certain medicines (like antibiotics or acid reducers) for a week or two before the test. The tests are simple and don't hurt. The stool test involves providing a small sample. The breath test takes about 30 minutes. An endoscopy is done with sedation, so you won’t feel discomfort. Your doctor will explain everything beforehand.
If you test positive for H. pylori, treatment is recommended to clear the infection and prevent complications. Treatment usually involves taking a combination of medicines for 7 to 14 days.
Treatment is typically a combination of two different antibiotics plus an acid-suppressing medication (called a proton pump inhibitor). Sometimes a medicine containing bismuth is also added. The exact combination and length of treatment depend on your health and local resistance patterns. Always finish the full course of antibiotics even if you feel well. Your doctor may want a follow-up test after treatment to confirm the infection is gone.
While you have the infection or are undergoing treatment, you can still live a normal life. Most people feel better once the infection is cleared. Follow your doctor's advice and take your medicines as directed.
A balanced diet can help your stomach heal. Include foods like plain yogurt, bananas, oatmeal, and lean proteins. Avoid very spicy, fried, or acidic foods if they bother you. Stay well-hydrated. Gentle exercise like walking can help digestion, but listen to your body – avoid strenuous activity if you feel pain.
Having a stomach infection and its symptoms can be stressful. You might worry about the risk of ulcers or cancer. Remember that most infections are treated successfully and the risk of serious problems is low. Talk to your doctor if you feel anxious – they can provide reassurance and resources.
It is not always possible to prevent H. pylori infection, because it is spread by contaminated food, water, and close contact. However, you can lower your risk by practicing good hygiene, drinking clean water, and thoroughly cooking food.
Routine screening for H. pylori is not recommended for everyone. Your doctor may suggest testing if you have symptoms or certain risk factors. In some countries, testing is offered to people with a family history of stomach cancer.
The outlook is very good. With the right treatment, more than 80% to 90% of people clear the infection. Ulcers heal once the bacteria are gone. Even if you have no symptoms, treatment reduces the long-term risk of complications. Follow your doctor’s advice and finish all your medications.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 8, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Surgery is rarely needed for H. pylori infection itself. It may be considered if an ulcer causes a serious complication like a hole in the stomach wall or severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with medicine.