Diagnostics·Diagnostics
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The tissue transglutaminase test (often called the tTG test) is a blood test that checks for antibodies your body makes when you have celiac disease. If you have celiac disease, eating gluten (a protein in wheat, barley, and rye) causes your immune system to attack your small intestine. This test looks for a specific antibody called immunoglobulin A (IgA) to tissue transglutaminase, which is a sign of that attack.
Key facts
This test is commonly ordered when a person has symptoms of celiac disease or has a close relative with the condition. Celiac disease itself affects about 1 in 100 people worldwide, so the test is not rare.
It can affect anyone — adults, children, and older adults. People with certain conditions like type 1 diabetes, thyroid disease, or Down syndrome have a higher risk of celiac disease.
The diagnosis starts with a blood test called the tissue transglutaminase (tTG) test. If the test is positive, your doctor will usually recommend a biopsy of your small intestine to confirm. You need to be eating gluten every day for at least 6 weeks before the blood test and biopsy, otherwise the results may not be accurate.
The blood test is quick — a small sample of blood is taken from your arm. You do not need to fast. Your doctor will tell you how to prepare for a biopsy if needed. Results from the blood test usually come back in a few days.
If celiac disease is confirmed, the only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet for life. This means avoiding all foods and products that contain wheat, barley, and rye. There is no medication that can cure celiac disease — diet is the key.
There are no medications approved to treat celiac disease. Your healthcare provider may prescribe supplements if you have vitamin or mineral deficiencies (like iron, vitamin D, or B12). They will also monitor your bone health and screen for other autoimmune conditions as needed.
Living with celiac disease means following a gluten-free diet every day. Over time, this becomes second nature. You will learn to plan meals, eat out safely, and check labels. Many people feel much better after starting the diet, with improved energy and fewer symptoms.
A gluten-free diet can be healthy if you include naturally gluten-free foods like fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fish, eggs, beans, nuts, and gluten-free whole grains (like rice, quinoa, and corn). Exercise is important for overall health — aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate activity most days, but listen to your body, especially if you feel tired.
Celiac disease cannot be prevented. It is an autoimmune condition that you either have or do not have. However, if you are diagnosed early and start a gluten-free diet, you can prevent long-term damage to your small intestine and reduce the risk of complications.
There is no vaccine for celiac disease. It is recommended that people with celiac disease get the pneumococcal and influenza (flu) vaccines as part of routine care, because they may be at higher risk for infections. Ask your doctor which vaccines are right for you.
Routine screening for celiac disease is not recommended for everyone. However, close family members of someone with celiac disease may be offered testing, even if they have no symptoms. Talk to your doctor if you have a family history.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 8, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Surgery is not a treatment for celiac disease. In very rare cases, if complications like lymphoma occur, surgery may be needed, but this is not common.
Adjusting to a gluten-free diet can be stressful and emotional at first. You may feel frustrated or isolated. It is normal to miss certain foods or feel anxious about eating out. Talk to your doctor or a counselor if you feel overwhelmed. Many people find that their mood improves as their physical symptoms get better.
With early diagnosis and a strict gluten-free diet, most people with celiac disease can lead a full, healthy life. The intestine usually heals, symptoms go away, and the risk of complications drops significantly. It takes time to adjust, but you can feel much better.