Mumps

Gambaran umum

Mumps is a contagious viral infection that causes painful swelling of the salivary glands, which are the glands that make saliva. This swelling leads to puffy cheeks and a tender, swollen jaw. Most people recover fully, but complications can occur, especially in adults.

Mumps is less common now because of vaccination, but outbreaks still happen in places where people are not vaccinated, such as schools or universities.

Mumps mainly affects children, but adults who are not vaccinated can also get it. The infection tends to be more severe in adults.

Gejala

Gejala umum

• Swollen, painful salivary glands (puffy cheeks and tender jaw)
• Fever
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Tiredness
• Loss of appetite

Gejala pada anak-anak

• Same symptoms as common, plus pain when chewing or swallowing
• Sometimes children have no symptoms at all

Gejala pada lansia

• More severe symptoms, such as high fever and intense headache
• Higher risk of complications like swollen testicles (orchitis) or meningitis

Penyebab

Penyebab utama

• Infection with the mumps virus
• Spreading through tiny droplets when someone coughs, sneezes, or talks
• Touching a surface with the virus and then touching your mouth or nose

Faktor risiko

• Not being vaccinated with the MMR vaccine
• Living in close contact with others, like in dormitories, schools, or military barracks
• Traveling to areas where mumps outbreaks are happening

Kapan harus ke dokter

Segera temui dokter jika:

• If you have any of the emergency symptoms listed above – call your local emergency services immediately.
• If you or your child has a high fever that doesn’t improve with over-the-counter medicines

Buat janji temu rutin jika:

• If you think you or your child might have mumps, even if symptoms are mild – see a doctor for a proper diagnosis.
• If you have not been vaccinated and were exposed to someone with mumps

Diagnosis

A doctor will ask about your symptoms and check for the telltale swelling of the salivary glands. They may also swab the inside of your cheek or take a blood sample to confirm the mumps virus.

Tes yang mungkin dilakukan

• Blood test to look for antibodies against the mumps virus
• A swab from the mouth or throat (like a Q-tip rubbed along the cheek or near the back of the throat)
• Sometimes a urine test

Apa yang diharapkan saat janji temu

The doctor will ask about your symptoms, vaccination history, and any contact with someone who has mumps. The exams and tests are quick and usually not painful.

Perawatan

There is no specific medicine to cure mumps because it is caused by a virus. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications while your body fights the infection.

Perawatan mandiri di rumah

• Get plenty of rest – your body needs energy to fight the virus.
• Drink lots of fluids (water, juice, clear soups) to stay hydrated and help lower fever.
• Apply a warm or cool cloth to the swollen glands to ease pain.
• Eat soft foods that do not need much chewing, like soup, yogurt, or mashed potatoes.
• Avoid sour or acidic foods (like citrus fruits and vinegar) because they can make the gland pain worse.

Perawatan medis

Over-the-counter pain relievers can help reduce fever and ease discomfort. Antibiotics do not work against viral infections like mumps. In rare cases, if complications like meningitis or orchitis occur, a doctor may provide supportive care in a hospital.

Hidup dengan kondisi ini

Stay home from school, work, and social activities until the swelling has gone down – usually about 5 days after it started. This prevents spreading the virus to others. Isolate yourself as much as possible from other household members.

Tips gaya hidup

• Avoid close contact with others, especially people who are not vaccinated or have weak immune systems.
• Do not share cups, utensils, towels, or toothbrushes.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing.

Diet dan olahraga

Eat soft, bland foods that are easy to swallow. Drink plenty of water or other hydrating fluids. Avoid strenuous exercise while you are unwell – gentle rest is best until you feel better.

Kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan emosional

Being sick and isolating at home can feel lonely or worrying. This feeling is normal. Keep in touch with friends and family by phone or video calls. If you feel very anxious or down, talk to your doctor or a mental health professional.

Pencegahan

Yes, mumps can be prevented with the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella). Two doses of the vaccine give strong protection. Washing hands and avoiding close contact with people who are sick also help.

Vaksin

The MMR vaccine is given to children as part of routine vaccination schedules in many countries, usually around 12-15 months and again at 4-6 years. Adults who have not been vaccinated can also get the vaccine. It is safe and highly effective.

Program skrining

There is no routine screening for mumps. Testing is done only when someone has symptoms or has been exposed to the virus.

Komplikasi

Jika tidak diobati

• Swelling and pain in the testicles (orchitis) in males, which can sometimes affect fertility (though this is rare)
• Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) or lining of the brain (meningitis)
• Swelling of the ovaries or breasts in females
• Hearing loss, which can be temporary or permanent

Prospek jangka panjang

Most people with mumps recover completely within a few weeks without any lasting problems. The MMR vaccine has made serious complications very rare. With good self-care and medical attention if needed, the outlook is very positive.

Cari dukungan

Organisasi internasional

• NHS – Mumps ↗
• CDC – Mumps ↗

Organisasi lokal

• Your local public health department or health clinic ↗ · Global

Saluran bantuan

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