Pancreatitis

Gambaran umum

Pancreatitis is inflammation (swelling) of the pancreas, a gland behind your stomach that helps digest food and control blood sugar. When it becomes inflamed, it can cause pain and affect how your body works.

It is not extremely common, but thousands of people in the UK are diagnosed each year. It affects both men and women.

Anyone can get pancreatitis, but it is more common in adults, especially those with gallstones, who drink a lot of alcohol, or who have high fat levels in the blood.

Gejala

Gejala umum

• Sudden, severe pain in the upper belly that may spread to your back
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever or chills
• Tender or swollen belly

Gejala pada anak-anak

• Pain in the upper belly that may come and go
• Nausea and vomiting
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
• Rapid breathing or fast heartbeat

Gejala pada lansia

• Less obvious belly pain, sometimes just discomfort
• Confusion or feeling very tired
• Low blood pressure or rapid heart rate
• Mild nausea without vomiting

Penyebab

Penyebab utama

• Gallstones blocking the pancreatic duct
• Heavy alcohol use over time
• High levels of triglycerides (a type of fat) in the blood
• Certain medications
• Injury or surgery to the belly
• Infections or autoimmune conditions (the body attacks itself)

Faktor risiko

• Having gallstones
• Drinking heavily or regularly
• Being overweight or having obesity
• Smoking
• Family history of pancreatitis
• Taking certain medicines (always check with your doctor)

Kapan harus ke dokter

Segera temui dokter jika:

• You have sudden, severe pain in your upper belly that spreads to your back
• You have nausea, vomiting, and fever
• You have been told you have gallstones and develop new belly pain

Buat janji temu rutin jika:

• You have mild, on-and-off belly pain, unexplained weight loss, or greasy, foul-smelling stools
• You have diabetes and are worried about your pancreas
• You want to reduce your risk factors

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. They will press on your belly to check for tenderness and order blood tests.

Tes yang mungkin dilakukan

• Blood tests to measure levels of digestive enzymes (amylase and lipase)
• Imaging scans such as CT, ultrasound, or MRI to look at your pancreas and gallbladder
• Sometimes a special scope test (ERCP) to view the bile ducts and remove blockages

Apa yang diharapkan saat janji temu

You may need to fast (not eat or drink) for a few hours before blood tests. Imaging tests are painless and non-invasive. If you have an ERCP, you'll be given medicine to relax you. The whole process is usually done in a hospital or clinic.

Perawatan

Treatment depends on how severe your pancreatitis is. Most people need to stay in hospital for fluids, pain relief, and to let the pancreas rest. Mild cases may only need a few days, while severe cases may require intensive care.

Perawatan mandiri di rumah

• Rest completely and avoid alcohol
• Do not eat solid foods until your doctor says it's safe – start with clear liquids like water or broth
• Take pain relievers as recommended by your doctor (over-the-counter options only after checking)

Perawatan medis

In hospital, you will receive fluids through a vein (IV) to keep you hydrated. Doctors may give medicines to control pain and to help your pancreas settle down. In severe cases, you may need a temporary feeding tube to get nutrition. Always follow your doctor's advice – never take any medication without their guidance.

Kapan operasi dipertimbangkan?

Surgery may be needed if gallstones are causing the problem, or to drain fluid collections (pseudocysts) around the pancreas. In very severe cases, part of the damaged pancreas may need to be removed. Your healthcare team will discuss all options with you.

Hidup dengan kondisi ini

Recovery takes time. After an attack, follow a low-fat diet, avoid alcohol completely, and drink plenty of water. Keep up with follow-up appointments to monitor your health.

Tips gaya hidup

• Stop drinking alcohol – this is the most important step
• Quit smoking – it can worsen pancreatitis
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Manage any other health conditions like high triglycerides or diabetes

Diet dan olahraga

Eat small, low-fat meals throughout the day. Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Avoid fried and fatty foods. Gentle exercise like walking can help your overall health – but rest when you need to.

Kesehatan mental dan kesejahteraan emosional

Living with pancreatitis can be stressful. You may feel anxious, frustrated, or down. It is normal. Talk to your doctor or a counsellor. If you feel overwhelmed, reach out for support – you are not alone.

Pencegahan

Not always, but you can lower your risk by avoiding heavy alcohol use, eating a healthy diet, and keeping your weight in check. If you have gallstones, treating them early may prevent pancreatitis.

Program skrining

There is no routine screening for pancreatitis. But if you have risk factors like high triglycerides or a family history, your doctor may check your blood from time to time.

Komplikasi

Jika tidak diobati

• Infection or abscess in the pancreas
• Fluid collections (pseudocysts) that can cause pain or block digestion
• Organ failure (kidneys, lungs, or heart)
• Chronic pancreatitis (long-term inflammation)
• Diabetes due to damage to insulin-making cells
• Malnutrition from poor digestion

Prospek jangka panjang

The outlook is generally good with proper medical care. Most people recover fully from an acute attack. For chronic pancreatitis, lifestyle changes and medical support can help you manage symptoms and live a full life. With treatment, many people feel much better.

Cari dukungan

Organisasi internasional

• Pancreatic Cancer Action Network ↗
• National Pancreas Foundation ↗

Organisasi lokal

• Pancreatitis Support UK ↗ · United Kingdom
• Guts UK ↗ · United Kingdom

Saluran bantuan

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