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Mammography is a special type of X-ray that takes pictures of the inside of the breast. There are two main types: screening mammography and diagnostic mammography. Screening mammography is used to check for breast cancer in women who have no symptoms. It is done regularly as a check-up. Diagnostic mammography is used when a woman has a symptom (like a lump or breast pain) or when a screening mammogram shows something unusual. It takes more pictures and gives more detail.
Key facts
Mammography is a common procedure. Many women will have a screening mammogram at some point. Diagnostic mammograms are less common but are important for following up on symptoms or abnormal results.
Mammography is mainly used for women, though men can also develop breast cancer and may sometimes need it. Screening is typically offered to women over a certain age (often starting at age 50 in many health systems). Diagnostic mammography can be used at any age if there is a concern.
Mammography is the main test. For screening, a standard mammogram takes two or three pictures of each breast. For diagnostic mammography, more images are taken from different angles, and sometimes a special technique called compression or magnification is used to focus on a specific area. If the mammogram shows something suspicious, you may need more tests like an ultrasound or a biopsy (taking a small tissue sample for lab analysis).
If a mammogram finds breast cancer, treatment depends on the type, stage, and your overall health. Treatment options are explained by a specialist team. Common approaches include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. The goal is to remove or destroy the cancer while preserving as much healthy breast tissue as possible.
Treatments are tailored to each person. They include surgery (removing the tumour), radiation (high-energy rays to kill cancer cells), chemotherapy (drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body), hormone therapy (if the cancer is hormone-sensitive), and targeted therapy (drugs that attack specific cancer cells). Your doctor will discuss the best options for you. Always follow your treatment plan.
If you are having regular screening, you can continue your normal life. If you are being treated for breast cancer, your daily routine may change. You may need time off for appointments and side effects. Many people manage to work and take care of family with some adjustments. It is important to communicate with your healthcare team and ask for help when needed.
There is no guaranteed way to prevent breast cancer, but you can reduce your risk. A healthy lifestyle – being active, eating well, limiting alcohol, and maintaining a healthy weight – can help. Some women at very high risk (e.g., with BRCA gene mutations) may consider medications or preventive surgery. Talk to your doctor about your personal risk.
There is no vaccine for breast cancer.
Screening mammography is the most important tool for finding breast cancer early. Early detection saves lives. Follow the screening recommendations for your age and risk. If you have symptoms, do not wait for a screening – go for a diagnostic mammogram.
The outlook for breast cancer is generally very good, especially when found early through screening. Most women treated for early-stage breast cancer live for many years. Treatment continues to improve, and many people with advanced breast cancer also have effective treatment options. With modern medicine, breast cancer is often curable or manageable.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
During a mammogram, you stand in front of the X-ray machine. A technologist places your breast on a flat plate, and another plate presses down to flatten the breast. You may feel some pressure, but it lasts only a few seconds. Two pictures are usually taken of each breast. The whole appointment takes about 15 to 30 minutes. For diagnostic mammography, expect more pictures and possibly an ultrasound. The radiologist (a doctor who reads the images) will review the results and send a report to your doctor, usually within a few days.
Surgery is often the first step for breast cancer. Options may include lumpectomy (removing only the tumour) or mastectomy (removing the whole breast). The choice depends on the size and location of the tumour and your preferences. You may also have lymph nodes removed to check if the cancer has spread.
A balanced diet can help you maintain a healthy weight and support your immune system. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week, like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling. If you are undergoing treatment, check with your doctor before starting a new exercise routine.
A breast cancer diagnosis or even an abnormal mammogram can cause anxiety, fear, and stress. It is normal to feel worried. Talk to your healthcare team about your feelings. They may refer you to a counsellor or support group. Remember that most women with breast cancer survive and lead full lives.
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