Diagnostics·Diagnostics
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Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the surface of the skin. They usually happen in the legs. The veins have weakened walls and faulty valves that let blood pool instead of flowing back to the heart.
Key facts
Yes, varicose veins are very common. About one in three adults may get them at some point in their lives.
Varicose veins can affect anyone, but they are more common in women, people over 40, those who stand or sit for long periods, and people who are overweight or pregnant.
Varicose veins are usually diagnosed by a physical exam. Your doctor will look at your legs while you stand and ask about your symptoms. They may also feel the veins and check for swelling or skin changes. To get a clearer picture, a simple and painless test called a duplex ultrasound is often used. This test uses sound waves to see how blood flows in your veins and to check for any blockages or valve problems.
For a duplex ultrasound, you will lie on an examination table. The technologist will put a clear, water-based gel on your leg and use a small handheld device called a transducer to send sound waves. You may be asked to stand or sit to see how gravity affects your veins. The test takes about 30–45 minutes. It is painless, but you may feel slight pressure. There is no special preparation needed — just wear loose, comfortable clothing that can be easily rolled up. If you are taking blood thinners (anticoagulants), tell the doctor beforehand, but do not stop any medication unless told. The test helps your doctor plan the best treatment for you.
Treatment for varicose veins depends on your symptoms, the severity, and your overall health. Many people find relief with self-care measures. If these are not enough, there are a variety of procedures that can close or remove the problem veins. No treatment is needed if veins are not causing problems.
Living with varicose veins is manageable for most people. Simple habits can help you feel better and prevent the condition from getting worse. If you have symptoms, wearing compression stockings during the day and elevating your legs when resting can make a big difference. Your doctor or a specialist nurse can help you choose the right stocking strength.
A balanced diet rich in fiber can help prevent constipation, which can worsen varicose veins. Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein. Also, drink enough water. Exercise like walking, swimming, or yoga can improve circulation and muscle tone in your legs. Try to do activities that move your legs without jarring impact.
You cannot always prevent varicose veins, especially if you have a family history. However, certain steps can lower your risk or keep existing veins from getting worse. Staying at a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and avoiding long periods of sitting or standing can help.
There is no routine screening test for varicose veins for people without symptoms. If you have symptoms or risk factors, your doctor may recommend an ultrasound to check your veins. For screening test preparation: no special diet or fasting is needed. Just wear comfortable clothing that allows access to your legs. Tell your doctor if you have any allergies or take medications. The test is safe and painless.
For most people, varicose veins are a cosmetic concern or cause mild symptoms. With simple lifestyle changes and, if needed, medical treatments, symptoms can be well managed. Serious complications are rare, but it is important to see a doctor if symptoms change. Treatment options have good success rates, and many people get relief from discomfort and improved appearance.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
If self-care does not help, your doctor may recommend procedures. These are done by a specialist and include: sclerotherapy (injecting a solution to close the vein), laser therapy (using light energy to seal the vein), radiofrequency ablation (using heat to close the vein), and endovenous laser treatment. These are usually done in a clinic and have quick recovery times. Another option is phlebectomy (small incisions to remove the vein) or vein stripping (for larger veins). Your doctor will discuss which approach is best for you.
Surgery for varicose veins is less common now because less invasive procedures work well. It may be considered if the veins are very large, if other treatments have failed, or if you have complications like ulcers or bleeding. Your doctor will explain the options.
Varicose veins can affect how you feel about your appearance, especially if they are large or cause skin changes. It is normal to feel self-conscious or frustrated. Talking to your healthcare provider or a professional counselor can help. Many treatments can improve the look of your veins, so you do not have to live with them if they bother you.