Epidural steroid injection overview

Overview

An epidural steroid injection is a procedure where a small amount of steroid medicine is injected into the space around the spinal nerves (the epidural space). This reduces swelling and irritation, which can help relieve pain in the back or legs.

Yes, it is a common treatment for back and leg pain caused by nerve irritation from conditions such as a herniated disc or spinal stenosis.

This injection is often used for people with ongoing pain from a slipped disc, narrowing of the spine, or sciatica.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Pain in the lower back that may travel down the leg (sciatica)
• Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
• Weakness in the leg or foot

Symptoms in children

• Epidural steroid injections are rarely used in children. If they are, symptoms are similar: pain, numbness, or weakness in the legs.

Symptoms in older adults

• In older adults, symptoms are often caused by spinal stenosis, which can lead to pain when walking, leg numbness, or heaviness in the legs.

Causes

Main causes

• A herniated disc (when the soft center of a spinal disc pushes out and irritates a nerve)
• Spinal stenosis (narrowing of the spinal canal that puts pressure on nerves)
• Degenerative disc disease (wear and tear of the discs over time)

Risk factors

• Getting older
• Heavy lifting or repetitive strain on the spine

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have symptoms of cauda equina syndrome (loss of bladder/bowel control, numbness in the groin) – call your local emergency number immediately.
• If you have sudden severe leg weakness or cannot walk.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have persistent back or leg pain that has not improved after several weeks of home treatment.
• If you have numbness or tingling that continues or gets worse.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will take a detailed history and do a physical exam. They may order an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) or CT (computed tomography) scan to see if a disc or bone is pressing on a nerve.

Tests that may be done

• Physical exam to check strength, reflexes, and sensation
• MRI scan to look at the spinal discs and nerves
• Sometimes a CT scan or X-ray

What to expect at your appointment

During the visit, your doctor will ask about your pain, numbness, and any weakness. They will test your leg strength and reflexes. If an injection is recommended, they will explain the procedure, risks, and benefits.

Treatment

An epidural steroid injection is one option to manage pain from nerve irritation. The goal is to reduce inflammation and give you a period of relief so you can do physical therapy and other exercises.

Self-care at home

• Rest for a day or two after the injection, but gradually return to normal activities
• Apply ice or heat to the area as directed by your doctor
• Gently stretch your back and legs if it is comfortable

Medical treatments

Other treatments include over-the-counter pain relievers (like ibuprofen or paracetamol), prescription pain medicines, physical therapy, and sometimes muscle relaxants. Always follow your doctor's advice on which medicines are safe for you.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery may be considered if the injection does not help enough after a few weeks, or if you have severe weakness or loss of bowel/bladder control. Common surgeries include microdiscectomy or laminectomy.

Living with this condition

After an epidural steroid injection, you might need to avoid heavy lifting, twisting, or bending for a day or two. Most people can return to light daily activities the next day.

Lifestyle tips

• Maintain good posture when sitting, standing, and lifting
• Stay active with low-impact exercises like walking or swimming
• Avoid smoking, as it can make back problems worse

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to help keep a healthy weight. Gentle exercises like walking, cycling, or water aerobics can strengthen the muscles that support your spine.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Chronic pain can be frustrating and stressful. It may affect your mood or sleep. Talk to your doctor if you feel depressed or anxious – they can connect you with support services.

Prevention

Back problems that lead to needing an epidural steroid injection cannot always be prevented. However, maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, using proper lifting techniques, and not smoking can lower your risk.

Complications

If left untreated

• If the underlying cause (like a herniated disc) is not treated, pain may last longer or become chronic.
• Nerve irritation can lead to persistent numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg.

Long-term outlook

Many people get good relief from an epidural steroid injection within a few days to a week. The effect can last weeks to months, allowing you to be more active in physical therapy. For some, the pain returns and may need a repeat injection or other treatments. Most people do well overall.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.