Экстренное руководство

Предупреждающие признаки

• Cannot speak, cough, or breathe
• Clutching the throat
• Face turning blue

Что делать

1. Ask "Are you choking?" If they cannot answer, act quickly.
2. Give up to five sharp back blows between the shoulder blades.
3. If that does not work, give up to five abdominal thrusts (Heimlich manoeuvre).
4. Alternate back blows and abdominal thrusts until the object comes out or help arrives.
5. If the person becomes unconscious, call emergency services and start CPR if you are trained.

Предупреждающие признаки

• Chest pain, pressure, or tightness
• Pain spreading to the arm, jaw, neck, or back
• Shortness of breath, sweating, nausea, or feeling faint

Что делать

1. Call emergency services immediately — do not wait to see if it passes.
2. Help the person sit down and rest in a comfortable position.
3. Follow the instructions of the emergency dispatcher.
4. Loosen tight clothing. Stay calm and reassure them.
5. If they become unconscious and stop breathing, start CPR and use a defibrillator (AED) if one is nearby.

Предупреждающие признаки

• Face drooping on one side
• Arm weakness — one arm drifts down when raised
• Speech slurred or strange
• Sudden confusion, vision loss, or severe headache

Что делать

1. Think FAST: Face, Arms, Speech, Time. Note when symptoms started.
2. Call emergency services immediately. Every minute matters.
3. Keep the person comfortable and lying on their side if they are drowsy.
4. Do not give food, drink, or medicine.
5. Stay with them until emergency help arrives.

Предупреждающие признаки

• Blood flowing heavily and not slowing
• Blood soaking through bandages
• An injury from a deep cut, fall, or accident

Что делать

1. Call emergency services if bleeding is severe.
2. Press firmly on the wound with a clean cloth or dressing.
3. Keep pressure on — do not keep lifting the cloth to check.
4. If possible, raise the injured area above the heart.
5. If blood soaks through, add more cloth on top — do not remove the first layer.

Предупреждающие признаки

• Person does not respond when you speak or touch them
• Not breathing normally, or breathing is very shallow

Что делать

1. Check for danger to yourself first, then check if they respond.
2. Call emergency services immediately.
3. Open the airway: gently tilt the head back and lift the chin.
4. Check breathing for up to 10 seconds.
5. If not breathing normally, start CPR. Use an AED if available.
6. If breathing, place them on their side in the recovery position and monitor until help arrives.

Предупреждающие признаки

• Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
• Difficulty breathing or wheezing
• Rash, hives, or feeling faint
• Rapid heartbeat or collapse

Что делать

1. Call emergency services immediately.
2. If the person has an adrenaline auto-injector (EpiPen), help them use it in the outer thigh.
3. A second dose may be needed after five to fifteen minutes if symptoms continue.
4. Help them lie down with legs raised unless they are having trouble breathing — then sit them up.
5. Stay with them and monitor breathing until help arrives.