adrenal ultrasound explained
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
An adrenal ultrasound is a safe, painless test that uses sound waves to create pictures of your adrenal glands. These are two small triangle-shaped organs that sit on top of your kidneys and make hormones that help control blood pressure, heart rate, and stress.
Key facts
- It is painless and uses no radiation.
- The test usually takes about 20 to 30 minutes.
- You may be asked to fast for a few hours beforehand if the ultrasound includes your whole belly.
Adrenal ultrasound is a common imaging test, especially for checking the size of the adrenal glands or looking for growths.
It can be done on anyone — adults, children, and older adults — when a doctor wants a closer look at the adrenal glands.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe belly or back pain
- Feeling lightheaded or fainting
- Confusion or loss of consciousness
- ⚠Persistent vomiting or diarrhea
- ⚠Severe weakness that comes on quickly
- ⚠Unexplained darkening of the skin, especially on elbows or knees
Common symptoms
- High blood pressure that is hard to control
- Unexplained weight gain
- A feeling of fullness or pain in the upper belly
Symptoms in children
- Slow growth or early puberty
- Weight gain in the face and belly
- High blood pressure
Symptoms in older adults
- Thinning bones (osteoporosis)
- Muscle weakness
- High blood sugar
Causes
Main causes
- To check for a growth or tumor on the adrenal gland
- To look for bleeding in or around the adrenal gland
- To see if the adrenal gland is unusually large
Risk factors
- Being over 50
- Having chronic high blood pressure
- Having a family history of adrenal gland conditions
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have sudden severe pain, vomiting, or feel confused, get urgent medical help.
Book a routine appointment if:
- Make an appointment if you have ongoing fatigue, unexplained weight changes, or high blood pressure that has not been explained.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will start with a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. If they suspect a problem with your adrenal glands, they may order an adrenal ultrasound to get a clear picture of these organs.
Tests that may be done
- Blood tests to check hormone levels
- Urine tests
- Adrenal ultrasound
- CT or MRI scan if more detail is needed
What to expect at your appointment
You will lie on your back or side while a small hand-held device glides over your belly. A gel is spread on your skin to help the sound waves travel. The test is painless and usually lasts 20 to 30 minutes.
Treatment
Treatment depends on what the ultrasound shows. Many adrenal growths are harmless and need no treatment. If a growth is causing symptoms or producing too much hormone, your doctor will discuss the best next steps with you.
Self-care at home
- If you feel up to it, keep moving and stay active.
- Try to eat a balanced meal before your test unless you were told not to eat.
- Follow any instructions your doctor gives you about managing high blood pressure or other conditions.
Medical treatments
If an adrenal problem is found, treatment may include medicines to help control blood pressure or hormone levels. Your doctor will only recommend specific medications after a full assessment. Always ask your doctor or pharmacist for information about any medicine they suggest.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery may be considered if a growth on the adrenal gland is large, growing quickly, or producing too much hormone. Your surgeon will explain the procedure, risks, and recovery time.
Living with this condition
Most people have no long-term effects from an adrenal ultrasound itself. If a problem is found, your doctor will help you manage it. This may mean regular check-ups and simple daily routines.
Lifestyle tips
- Attend all follow-up appointments
- Tell your doctor about any new or worsening symptoms
- Keep a record of your blood pressure if you have high blood pressure
Diet and exercise
If an adrenal problem is found, your doctor may suggest eating a balanced diet and staying physically active. This supports your overall health and helps keep blood pressure in a healthy range.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Waiting for test results can feel stressful. It may help to talk with family or friends, and to ask your healthcare team for support if you feel anxious.
Prevention
Many adrenal problems cannot be prevented. However, finding issues early through regular check-ups can make a difference in how well they are managed.
Vaccines
There is no vaccine for adrenal gland conditions. Stay up to date with your routine vaccines to protect your overall health.
Screening programmes
Screening for adrenal problems is not routine for everyone. If you have a family history of adrenal conditions, your doctor may suggest regular blood tests or imaging.
Complications
If left untreated
- If a hormone-producing growth goes untreated, it may lead to long-term health issues such as high blood pressure or diabetes.
- In rare cases, an adrenal crisis can occur, which needs emergency treatment.
Long-term outlook
The outlook is generally good. Many adrenal growths are harmless and never cause problems. When treatment is needed, most people respond well. Your doctor will guide you through every step.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.