artery X ray explained
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
An artery X-ray is a test that uses X-rays and a special dye (called contrast) to take pictures of your arteries, the blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to the rest of your body. This test is also called an angiogram. It helps doctors see if your arteries are narrowed or blocked.
Key facts
- A thin tube (catheter) is usually inserted into an artery, often in your groin or wrist, to inject the dye.
- The test takes about 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on which arteries are being checked.
- You may feel a warm sensation when the dye is injected, but it is not painful.
Yes, artery X-rays are common tests used to diagnose conditions like coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and problems with the arteries in the brain or kidneys.
Artery X-rays are used for people of any age who have symptoms or risk factors for artery disease. They are more common in older adults and those with conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe chest pain that does not go away
- Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body
- Sudden difficulty speaking or understanding speech
- Sudden vision loss in one eye
- Sudden severe headache with no known cause
- ⚠Chest pain that comes and goes but is getting worse
- ⚠Pain or cramping in your legs that gets worse or does not improve with rest
- ⚠A sore on your foot or leg that is not healing
Common symptoms
- Leg pain, cramping, or tiredness when walking (claudication)
- Chest pain or discomfort (angina) during activity or stress
- Shortness of breath
- Numbness or weakness in a limb
- Poor healing of sores on the feet or legs
Symptoms in children
- Bluish skin (cyanosis) suggesting heart defects
- Poor feeding, rapid breathing, or tiredness in infancy
- Detected during evaluation for congenital heart conditions
Symptoms in older adults
- All the common symptoms above, but often less specific
- Fatigue or general weakness
- Changes in walking ability or balance
Causes
Main causes
- Atherosclerosis – buildup of fatty plaque inside the arteries, narrowing them over time
- Blood clots that block an artery
- Injury to an artery
- Inflammation of the arteries (vasculitis)
Risk factors
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Lack of physical activity
- Family history of heart or artery disease
- Older age
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have sudden, severe symptoms like chest pain, limb weakness, or difficulty speaking – call your local emergency number immediately.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you have mild or ongoing symptoms such as leg pain when walking, chest discomfort, or non-healing sores
- If you have risk factors for artery disease and want to discuss screening
Diagnosis
An artery X-ray is usually done by a specialist called an interventional radiologist or cardiologist. It is performed in a hospital X-ray department or a special procedure room.
Tests that may be done
- Before the test: blood tests, an electrocardiogram (ECG) to check your heart's electrical activity, and possibly an ultrasound to look at blood flow.
- The artery X-ray itself: a thin tube (catheter) is guided into an artery while you lie on an X-ray table. Dye is injected, and X-ray images are taken.
- After the test: you may need to lie flat for several hours to allow the insertion site to heal.
What to expect at your appointment
You will be given a local anesthetic to numb the area where the catheter is inserted. You may feel pressure but not sharp pain. When the dye is injected, you may feel a warm or flushing sensation. The whole procedure is usually done with you awake but relaxed, and you can talk to the team throughout.
Treatment
Treatment after an artery X-ray depends on what it shows. If narrowed or blocked arteries are found, the goal is to improve blood flow and reduce the risk of future problems. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, medicines, or procedures to open the artery.
Self-care at home
- Stop smoking – this is the single most important step.
- Manage your weight through healthy eating and regular physical activity.
- Control high blood pressure and diabetes by following your doctor's advice.
- Reduce stress with relaxation techniques or support groups.
Medical treatments
Your healthcare provider may prescribe medicines to lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, prevent blood clots, or control blood sugar. Always take medications exactly as prescribed. Do not stop or change them without consulting your doctor.
When is surgery considered?
If an artery is severely narrowed or blocked, a procedure may be needed. This could involve inflating a tiny balloon inside the artery (angioplasty) and placing a small mesh tube (stent) to keep it open. In some cases, bypass surgery – creating a new route for blood flow – may be recommended.
Living with this condition
After an artery X-ray, you will need to rest for a few hours and avoid heavy lifting for a day or so. Most people return to normal activities within a day or two. You may have a small bruise at the catheter site, which is normal.
Lifestyle tips
- Walk regularly – start with short walks and gradually increase.
- Avoid sitting for long periods – get up and move every hour.
- Wear comfortable shoes and check your feet daily for sores or changes.
- Keep all follow-up appointments and tests as scheduled.
Diet and exercise
A heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can help. Limit saturated fats, salt, and added sugars. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days, such as brisk walking, cycling, or swimming. Talk to your doctor before starting any new exercise program.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Having artery problems or undergoing a test like an artery X-ray can be stressful. It is normal to feel anxious or worried. Talk to your healthcare team about any concerns. Many people find it helpful to join a support group or speak with a counselor.
Prevention
While not all artery problems can be prevented, you can greatly lower your risk with a healthy lifestyle. Managing blood pressure, cholesterol, diabetes, and quitting smoking are key steps.
Vaccines
Staying up to date with recommended vaccines, like the flu shot and COVID-19 vaccine, can help prevent infections that could stress your heart and arteries.
Screening programmes
If you have risk factors, your doctor may recommend regular checks of your blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar. Some people may need imaging tests like ultrasound before an artery X-ray is considered.
Complications
If left untreated
- Heart attack or stroke
- Severe leg pain that may lead to difficulty walking or amputation
- Kidney damage if arteries to the kidneys are affected
- Aneurysm – a bulging, weakened artery that can burst
Long-term outlook
With early diagnosis and proper treatment, most people with artery problems can manage their symptoms and live full, active lives. Advances in medicine and procedures have made outcomes better than ever. Following your treatment plan and making healthy choices are the best ways to protect your health.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 27, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.