dizziness CT scan preparation

Overview

A CT scan (computed tomography) uses X-rays to make detailed cross-section pictures of your head and brain. If you are dizzy, your doctor may order this scan to look for problems inside the head that might be causing your symptoms, such as bleeding, a stroke, or a growth.

Dizziness is very common. CT scans for dizziness are not needed for everyone, but they are often used when people have sudden, severe, or unexplained dizziness, especially in older adults or those with other health conditions.

A CT scan for dizziness may be advised for anyone, but it is more common in older adults. People who are on blood thinners or who have heart, blood pressure, or kidney problems are also more likely to be offered a scan.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Feeling lightheaded or faint
• A spinning sensation (vertigo)
• Loss of balance or unsteadiness
• Feeling like the room is moving

Causes

Main causes

• Inner ear problems, such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Low blood pressure or poor blood flow to the brain
• Dehydration or not eating enough
• Medicines that can make you feel lightheaded
• Migraines or anxiety
• Less common but serious causes like stroke, bleeding in the brain, or a tumor

Risk factors

• Being over 60 years old
• Taking blood thinners or medicines that lower blood pressure
• Having heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes
• Recent fall or head injury
• Having a history of stroke or mini-stroke

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Sudden severe dizziness, especially if it is new
• Dizziness with a new headache, weakness, or trouble speaking
• Fainting with no clear reason
• Dizziness after a fall or bump to your head

Book a routine appointment if:

• Ongoing or repeated dizziness that continues for more than a few days
• Dizziness that makes it hard to do daily tasks
• Dizziness that worries you even if it is mild

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask you questions about your dizziness, including when it started, how long it lasts, and what brings it on. They will examine you, check your ears, eye movements, balance, and coordination. If they feel it is needed, they will arrange a CT scan of your head.

Tests that may be done

• CT scan of the head (computed tomography)
• Physical examination and medical history
• Blood tests to check for anaemia, infection, or blood sugar problems
• Balance and hearing tests

What to expect at your appointment

Before the CT scan, you will be given specific instructions. Typically, you may be asked to avoid food and drink for a few hours. Wear comfortable clothes with no metal. You will lie on a sliding table, and a large ring-shaped machine will take pictures. You must stay very still. The scan takes about 5 to 10 minutes. If contrast dye is needed, you may feel warm or get a metallic taste. Tell the technician if you have any allergies or kidney problems.

Treatment

The right treatment for dizziness depends on the cause. The CT scan helps your doctor see whether a serious problem is present. If nothing serious is found, your doctor will focus on managing symptoms and improving your balance.

Self-care at home

• Drink enough water to stay hydrated
• Stand up slowly and hold onto a rail or wall when rising
• Take breaks when you feel dizzy, and sit down until it passes
• Avoid sudden head movements or turning around quickly

Medical treatments

Your doctor may offer medicines to reduce the spinning feeling or to treat the underlying condition, such as high blood pressure, heart problems, or an inner ear issue. They may also refer you to physical therapy or balance retraining. Always ask your doctor about the options that are best for you.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely needed for dizziness. It may be considered only if tests reveal a serious problem like a tumor, bleeding, or damaged blood vessels.

Living with this condition

If you have ongoing dizziness, make small changes to stay safe and confident. Keep floors clear, use handrails, and make sure your home is well lit. Take your time when moving from lying to sitting to standing.

Lifestyle tips

• Remove loose carpets and trip hazards
• Use a walking stick or frame if you feel unsteady
• Turn on lights, especially at night
• Avoid reaching up to high cupboards
• Do not drive until your doctor says it is safe

Diet and exercise

Eat regular, balanced meals and drink plenty of fluids. Some people find that reducing salt, caffeine, or alcohol helps. Gentle exercises like walking or supervised balance exercises can improve stability, but check with your doctor first.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Dizziness can make you feel anxious, frustrated, or scared about falling. It is normal to feel this way. Talk to your doctor or nurse about any worries, and ask for support if dizziness affects your mood or sleep.

Prevention

Not all dizziness can be prevented, but you can lower your chances by staying hydrated, managing your health conditions, checking your medicines with your doctor or pharmacist, and moving carefully to avoid falls.

Complications

If left untreated

• Falls and broken bones
• Loss of confidence and independence
• Missing a serious underlying problem that could be treated
• Dehydration or injury from repeated dizziness

Long-term outlook

Most causes of dizziness are not dangerous and can be helped. A CT scan is a positive step toward a clear diagnosis. Once the cause is found, there are many treatments and strategies that can reduce symptoms and improve your quality of life.

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