hearing ultrasound explained
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Ultrasound is a safe and painless imaging test that uses sound waves to create live images of the inside of your body. A small handheld device sends sound waves through your skin, and the echoes produce pictures on a screen. This test is also called sonography.
Key facts
- Ultrasound does not use radiation, so it is very safe for most people.
- It is commonly used during pregnancy, and also to look at organs like the liver, kidneys, gallbladder, and heart.
- The scan usually takes between 15 and 45 minutes, and you can normally go home right after.
- It is not a treatment – it is used to help your doctor make a diagnosis.
Yes. Ultrasound is one of the most common imaging tests used in healthcare. Millions of scans are performed every year for many different reasons.
Ultrasound can be used on people of all ages, from unborn babies to older adults. Whether you need one depends on your symptoms and what your doctor wants to investigate.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe abdominal pain that does not stop
- Chest pain or trouble breathing
- Motor weakness, inability to speak, or other signs of a stroke
- Severe bleeding that cannot be controlled
- ⚠Fever along with abdominal pain
- ⚠Blood in your urine or stool (if not an emergency)
- ⚠A painful lump or severe swelling
- ⚠Significant vomiting that prevents you from keeping fluids down
Common symptoms
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- A lump that you can feel
- Unexplained weight loss
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Pain or difficulty when urinating
Symptoms in children
- Persistent stomach pain
- A lump or swelling in the belly
- Repeated vomiting without a clear reason
- Pain or burning when passing urine
Symptoms in older adults
- New or worsening abdominal discomfort
- Swelling in the legs or abdomen
- Blood in the urine or stool
- Unexplained weight loss or loss of appetite
Causes
Main causes
- Gallstones or kidney stones
- Ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids, or other pelvic conditions
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (a bulging blood vessel)
- Liver disease, such as fatty liver or cirrhosis
- Muscle or joint injuries
- Pregnancy – to monitor the baby's growth and development
Risk factors
- Being pregnant
- A family history of conditions like gallstones or kidney problems
- Getting older – many conditions become more common with age
- Being overweight or having diabetes
- Having symptoms that affect your abdomen, pelvis, or neck
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have new or worsening pain, unexpected bleeding, or a high fever, contact your doctor or local health service promptly.
Book a routine appointment if:
- Your doctor may refer you for an ultrasound if you have symptoms like a lump, persistent pain, or unusual changes in your body.
Diagnosis
The ultrasound scan itself is a diagnostic test. You lie down and a gel is spread on the area to be examined. A small probe is moved over your skin, sending sound waves that create images on a screen. The person performing the scan is called a sonographer or radiographer.
Tests that may be done
- Abdominal ultrasound – looks at the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, and spleen.
- Pelvic ultrasound – examines the uterus, ovaries, and bladder.
- Renal ultrasound – focuses on the kidneys and urinary tract.
- Breast ultrasound – used to investigate a breast lump or abnormality.
- Thyroid ultrasound – checks the neck for thyroid nodules or enlargement.
What to expect at your appointment
The ultrasound is usually painless. You may be asked to come with a full bladder or to fast for a few hours before the scan, depending on the area. You will lie down on an examination table, and the sonographer will apply clear gel to your skin. The probe might be pressed slightly to get clear images. You can go home immediately afterwards, and your doctor will discuss the results with you later.
Treatment
An ultrasound is not a treatment. It is a test that gives your doctor important information. If the scan reveals a specific condition, your doctor will explain the next steps, which might include further tests, medication, monitoring, or other procedures. The right treatment depends on what is found.
Self-care at home
- Follow any preparation instructions you are given, such as not eating or drinking for a few hours before the scan.
- Wear loose, comfortable clothing so the area being scanned is easy to access.
- Drink water before the scan if your doctor says you need a full bladder.
Medical treatments
Medical treatment after your ultrasound will depend entirely on the diagnosis. Your healthcare team will explain the options in plain language. Possible approaches include medication, physiotherapy, lifestyle changes, or close monitoring of a condition that is not serious.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is only considered if the ultrasound finds a condition that requires an operation, such as a large growth or a severe blockage. This decision is made by specialists after a full assessment, and you will be carefully informed of the risks and benefits.
Living with this condition
After an ultrasound, you can go back to your normal routine immediately. You may have some gel on your skin, but you can wash it off. If the scan finds a condition, you may need regular check-ups and follow-up scans.
Lifestyle tips
- Keep a record of any symptoms and changes to tell your doctor.
- Take all prescribed medicines as directed, if any.
- Stay active and get enough sleep to support your overall health.
Diet and exercise
There are no special eating or exercise rules after an ultrasound. However, if a condition is found, your doctor may suggest particular changes, such as eating a balanced diet or increasing daily activity. Always check with your care team before starting a new routine.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Waiting for test results can feel stressful. It is completely normal to feel anxious. Try to speak with family or friends, and if the worry is very heavy, talk to your doctor or a mental health professional. Most health services have counselling support available.
Prevention
You cannot prevent the need for an ultrasound, because it is a test to investigate symptoms. However, to lower your risk of some health problems, try to maintain a healthy weight, stay physically active, limit alcohol, and avoid smoking.
Screening programmes
Ultrasound is used in some screening programmes, for example during pregnancy to check the baby. Follow the recommendations of your local health service for routine scans.
Complications
If left untreated
- If the condition causing your symptoms is not identified, it might get worse over time.
- For example, an undetected kidney stone could lead to a blocked urinary tract or infection.
- Missing a serious condition early could make treatment more difficult later.
Long-term outlook
The outlook is very good. An ultrasound is a quick, safe, and highly effective way to see what is happening inside your body. Most conditions found by ultrasound are manageable, and early diagnosis gives you the best chance of successful treatment.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.