migraine CT scan preparation

Overview

A CT scan (computed tomography scan) is a type of X-ray that creates detailed images of your brain. For people with migraines, doctors sometimes use it to check for other possible causes of your headaches, such as bleeding or a tumour. Preparing for the scan is straightforward and helps ensure clear images.

Migraines are very common, affecting about 1 in 5 women and 1 in 15 men. However, only a small number of people with migraines need a CT scan — it is usually only recommended when your headaches have unusual features or warning signs.

Migraines can affect anyone at any age, but they are most common in adults between 30 and 50 years old. A CT scan for migraine may be recommended for people who have sudden severe headaches, headaches with vision changes, weakness, confusion, or other neurological symptoms.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Throbbing or pulsing pain, usually on one side of the head
• Sensitivity to light, sound, or smells
• Nausea and vomiting
• Visual disturbances such as seeing flashing lights or blind spots (aura)
• Fatigue or dizziness

Symptoms in children

• Migraines in children often cause pain on both sides of the head
• They may have stomach pain, nausea, or vomiting without a clear headache
• Children may appear pale, irritable, or want to lie down in a dark room

Symptoms in older adults

• Migraines often become less frequent after age 60, but can still occur
• Older adults may experience more visual aura and less headache pain
• They may have balance problems or confusion that can mimic other conditions

Causes

Main causes

• Migraines are thought to be caused by changes in brain activity affecting nerve signals, blood flow, and chemicals in the brain.
• Genetics play a role — migraines often run in families.
• Common triggers include stress, hormonal changes (e.g., menstruation), certain foods (aged cheese, chocolate), lack of sleep, and weather changes.

Risk factors

• Family history of migraines
• Being female (three times more common in women than men)
• Age during 30s and 40s
• Hormonal changes (pregnancy, menopause, birth control)
• Stress and anxiety

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have a sudden, severe headache (especially if it is the worst headache you have ever had)
• Headache with a fever, stiff neck, or rash
• Headache with confusion, weakness, or trouble speaking
• Headache after a blow to the head

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have frequent migraines (more than 4 times a month) that interfere with your daily life
• If over-the-counter pain relief does not help or you need more than the recommended dose
• If your migraine pattern changes or new symptoms appear

Diagnosis

Doctors usually diagnose migraines by talking with you about your symptoms, headache history, and triggers. A CT scan is sometimes ordered to rule out other causes such as bleeding, tumours, or stroke — especially if your symptoms are unusual.

Tests that may be done

• Neurological exam (checking vision, reflexes, coordination)
• Medical history and headache diary review
• CT scan of the head (with or without contrast dye)

What to expect at your appointment

You will lie on a flat table that slides into the CT scanner. The machine will take several X-ray images from different angles. You need to lie very still; the technologist may ask you to hold your breath for a few seconds. If contrast dye is used, it is given through a small needle in your arm. You may feel a warm flush or metallic taste. The scan takes about 15 minutes and is completely painless.

Treatment

A CT scan is a diagnostic test, not a treatment for migraines. Once your doctor has the results, they will work with you to create a treatment plan to manage your migraines. Treatment focuses on stopping symptoms when they occur and preventing future attacks.

Self-care at home

• Rest in a dark, quiet room when a migraine starts
• Apply a cold or warm compress to your head or neck
• Stay hydrated (drink plenty of water)
• Avoid known triggers such as skipping meals, too much caffeine, or bright lights
• Try relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation

Medical treatments

Several types of medications can help treat migraines, including pain relievers and medicines that target the underlying mechanisms of migraine. Your doctor may also recommend preventive medications if you have frequent attacks. Always follow your healthcare provider's advice — never use more than the recommended dose of any medication.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not a standard treatment for migraines and is rarely needed. In some very specific cases where a structural problem is found on the CT scan, surgery might be discussed, but this is uncommon.

Living with this condition

Keeping a headache diary can help you spot patterns and triggers. Note when headaches happen, what you ate, your sleep, stress levels, and any medications you took. Sharing this with your doctor helps tailor your treatment.

Lifestyle tips

• Aim for a consistent sleep schedule — go to bed and wake up at the same time every day
• Manage stress with activities like yoga, walking, or hobbies
• Avoid excessive screen time, and take breaks if you use a computer for long periods

Diet and exercise

Eat balanced meals at regular times. Avoid skipping meals or fasting. Stay hydrated. Gentle exercise such as walking, swimming, or stretching can help reduce the frequency of migraines, but intense exercise might trigger attacks in some people — listen to your body.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with migraines can be frustrating, scary, or isolating. It is normal to feel anxious or low. If you have thoughts of harming yourself or feel overwhelmed, please call your local emergency number or a crisis helpline immediately. Talk to your doctor about ways to support your mental health.

Prevention

While you cannot always prevent migraines, you can reduce how often they happen by avoiding known triggers, managing stress, sticking to a routine, and taking preventive medications as prescribed by your doctor.

Complications

If left untreated

• Increased frequency and severity of migraine attacks over time
• Medication overuse headaches if pain relievers are used too often
• Impact on work, school, relationships, and quality of life
• Rarely, prolonged migraine with neurological symptoms (status migrainosus) may require hospital care

Long-term outlook

With the right treatment plan, most people with migraines can significantly reduce the number and severity of attacks. A CT scan is simply a tool to rule out other problems — for the vast majority, it provides reassurance and helps guide safe, effective care. You are not alone, and there are many ways to manage migraines successfully.

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