PCOS symptoms CT scan preparation
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal condition that affects how your ovaries work. It can cause irregular periods, extra body hair, acne, and difficulty getting pregnant. Sometimes your doctor may recommend a CT scan (a type of X-ray that creates detailed cross-section images) to look more closely at your ovaries and surrounding organs, and to rule out other causes of your symptoms.
Key facts
- PCOS is a hormone imbalance that affects women of reproductive age.
- It is diagnosed through a combination of symptoms, a physical exam, blood tests, and imaging tests like an ultrasound or CT scan.
- A CT scan is painless and usually takes only a few minutes, but you need to prepare in advance.
Yes, PCOS is one of the most common hormonal conditions in women. It affects about 1 in 10 women of childbearing age.
PCOS affects women and girls who have not yet gone through menopause. It often starts during your teenage years or early adulthood.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe pain in your lower abdomen or pelvis
- Heavy vaginal bleeding that soaks through more than one pad or tampon every hour
- Bleeding with dizziness, fainting, or shortness of breath
- Fever along with pelvic pain
- ⚠New or worsening pelvic pain that prevents you from doing your daily activities
- ⚠Bleeding between periods that lasts for a few days
- ⚠Symptoms that get worse suddenly, such as very heavy or painful periods
Common symptoms
- Irregular, missed, or very light periods
- Heavy or prolonged bleeding during your period
- Excess hair growth on your face, chest, or back (called hirsutism)
- Acne, especially on your face, chest, and upper back
- Weight gain, especially around your abdomen
- Thinning hair or hair loss on your scalp
- Dark, velvety patches of skin on your neck, armpits, or groin
- Difficulty getting pregnant
Causes
Main causes
- The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but it involves an imbalance of hormones, especially higher levels of androgens (male hormones that women also have).
- Insulin resistance – when your body does not use insulin properly – can lead to higher insulin levels, which may make your ovaries produce more androgens.
- Genetics – PCOS tends to run in families.
Risk factors
- A family history of PCOS
- Excess weight or obesity
- Insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes
- A history of irregular periods
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Call your local emergency number immediately if you have sudden, severe pelvic pain, heavy bleeding, or signs of an urgent medical problem.
- Go to the nearest emergency department for severe pain with fever or weakness.
Book a routine appointment if:
- Make an appointment if you have missed several periods, are trying to get pregnant, or have symptoms like excess hair growth, acne, or weight gain that worry you.
- See your healthcare provider regularly if you have been diagnosed with PCOS.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will take a detailed medical history, ask about your symptoms, and perform a physical exam. You may need blood tests and an imaging test, usually an ultrasound of your pelvis. In some cases, a CT scan may be used to look more closely at your ovaries and surrounding organs, especially if symptoms are unusual or other conditions need to be ruled out.
Tests that may be done
- Pelvic exam – your doctor examines your pelvic area for any growths or tenderness.
- Blood tests – to check hormone levels, blood sugar, and cholesterol.
- Pelvic ultrasound – uses sound waves to create images of your ovaries and check for cysts.
- CT scan (computed tomography) – a special X-ray that creates detailed cross-section images of your abdomen and pelvis to help rule out other causes of your symptoms.
What to expect at your appointment
If a CT scan is recommended, your care team will give you specific instructions. You may need to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the scan. You might be asked to drink a special liquid (contrast) to help highlight your organs. If you need IV contrast, tell your doctor about any allergies, especially to iodine or shellfish, or if you have kidney problems. Wear loose, comfortable clothing and remove any metal objects like jewellery. The scan is painless and usually lasts about 10 to 30 minutes. While you lie on a table, the scanner takes detailed images. You may be asked to hold your breath briefly.
Treatment
Treatment for PCOS focuses on your specific symptoms and your plans for pregnancy. There is no cure, but many treatments can help manage symptoms and reduce your risk of long-term health problems. Your doctor will work with you to create a plan that fits your needs.
Self-care at home
- Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days.
- Maintain a healthy weight – losing even 5% to 10% of your body weight can improve period regularity and reduce insulin resistance.
- Get enough sleep and manage stress with relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or mindfulness.
Medical treatments
There are several medication options to help manage PCOS. Your doctor may prescribe hormonal contraceptives, such as the pill, patch, or ring, to regulate your periods and reduce androgen levels. Other medications can address insulin resistance, and some can help reduce excess hair growth, acne, or help with ovulation if you are trying to get pregnant. Always talk to your healthcare provider about the benefits and risks of any treatment, and never start a new medication without medical guidance.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is rarely needed for PCOS. In some cases, a procedure called ovarian drilling may be done to improve ovulation in women who are trying to conceive and have not responded to other treatments. It is not a first-line treatment.
Living with this condition
Living with PCOS means managing your symptoms over the long term. It can help to track your periods, keep up with regular check-ups, and monitor your weight, blood pressure, and blood sugar. Your doctor may recommend screening for diabetes, high cholesterol, and other conditions.
Lifestyle tips
- Follow a healthy eating plan that works for you – many women find a diet with fewer refined carbohydrates helps.
- Stay active – find activities you enjoy.
- Quit smoking if you smoke.
- Limit alcohol intake.
Diet and exercise
A diet low in refined sugars and processed foods and high in vegetables, lean proteins, and heart-healthy fats can improve insulin sensitivity. Regular physical activity, including both aerobic exercise and strength training, helps with weight control and metabolic health. Even small changes can make a big difference.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
PCOS can affect your mental health. The symptoms – such as excess hair, acne, weight gain, and fertility challenges – can feel stressful and affect your self-esteem. Many women with PCOS experience anxiety and depression. It is important to talk to your healthcare provider about how you are feeling and to seek support if you need it.
Prevention
PCOS itself cannot be prevented because the underlying cause is not known. However, you can reduce your risk of developing complications such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease by adopting a healthy lifestyle early.
Screening programmes
There is no screening test to prevent PCOS, but your doctor may recommend regular checks for blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure if you have PCOS or related risk factors.
Complications
If left untreated
- Type 2 diabetes
- High blood pressure and high cholesterol
- Heart disease
- Endometrial cancer (cancer of the lining of the uterus) due to a lack of regular periods
- Infertility
- Sleep apnoea
Long-term outlook
With the right treatment and regular follow-up, most women with PCOS manage their symptoms effectively and go on to live healthy lives. Fertility treatments are available, and overall the outlook is positive. Staying proactive about your health gives you the best chance of preventing long-term problems.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.