testicular ultrasound explained
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
A testicular ultrasound is a safe, painless test that uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of the testicles and the area around them. It is often used to investigate a lump, pain, or swelling in the testicles.
Key facts
- Uses high-frequency sound waves, not radiation.
- Usually takes about 15 minutes and results are available soon after.
- It can help tell the difference between fluid-filled lumps (cysts) and solid lumps.
Testicular ultrasound is a common and routine test. It is one of the first imaging tests used when a man or boy has testicular symptoms.
It is used for boys and men of any age. It may be done from newborns to older adults, depending on the symptoms.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe testicular pain
- Testicular pain with nausea or vomiting
- Extreme swelling or tenderness that comes on quickly, which can be a sign of testicular torsion (twisting of the spermatic cord) and needs immediate care
- ⚠A new lump or swelling in the testicle, seen the same day by a doctor or local clinic
- ⚠Fever or chills with testicular pain, which can be a sign of infection
Common symptoms
- Lump or swelling in the testicle
- Pain, ache, or heaviness in the scrotum
- Change in the size or firmness of a testicle
Symptoms in children
- Painless bulge or swelling in the scrotum
- One testicle looking larger than the other
- Redness or tenderness in the scrotum
Symptoms in older adults
- New lump or hardening in a testicle
- Persistent pain or discomfort in the groin or scrotum
- Feeling of heaviness or pulling in the lower abdomen
Causes
Main causes
- An injury to the testicle or groin
- Infection of the testicle or surrounding tubes (epididymitis or orchitis)
- Fluid-filled sac (cysts) or fluid collection (hydrocele)
- Enlarged veins in the scrotum (varicocele)
- A twisted spermatic cord (testicular torsion), which is a medical emergency
- A solid lump that may need further investigation, including possible cancer
Risk factors
- A history of undescended testicle (testicle that did not move into the scrotum)
- A family history of testicular cancer
- Being of white ethnic background and in your 20s or 30s increases the risk of testicular cancer, though it can occur at any age
- Hormonal changes during puberty or growth spurts can sometimes cause temporary tenderness
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- Go straight to an emergency department or call your local emergency number for sudden severe testicular pain, especially with swelling or nausea.
- See a doctor the same day for any new lump, hardening, or change in the shape of a testicle.
Book a routine appointment if:
- Make an appointment if you have a dull ache or discomfort that lasts more than a few days.
- Ask for a check-up if you have any concerns about your testicles, even if there is no pain.
Diagnosis
The main step is a physical exam by a healthcare professional. If they feel a lump or have other concerns, they will usually order a testicular ultrasound as the next step.
Tests that may be done
- Physical examination of the scrotum
- Testicular ultrasound (the main imaging test used)
- Sometimes blood tests or other scans if the ultrasound is unclear
What to expect at your appointment
You will lie on your back. Gel is applied to the scrotum. A small handheld probe is pressed gently against the skin to send sound waves and capture pictures. You may feel a little pressure but not pain. The test usually takes about 15 minutes.
Treatment
A testicular ultrasound does not treat anything. Its purpose is to give your doctor a clear picture of the problem. What happens next depends on what the scan shows.
Self-care at home
- Ask your pharmacist about over-the-counter pain relief if you have mild discomfort (do not take aspirin for pain if you have testicular pain without first asking a doctor).
- Wear supportive underwear or a jockstrap to support the testicles.
- Rest and put a cool pack on the area for short periods if you have swelling or pain after an injury (always wrap it in a cloth).
Medical treatments
If the ultrasound shows an infection, antibiotics may be prescribed. If it shows a fluid-filled cyst or hydrocele, your doctor may recommend monitoring or, in some cases, a minor procedure to drain fluid. If a lump looks suspicious, you will be referred to a specialist for further tests and a care plan. Treatment decisions are made with your doctor and based on your individual situation.
When is surgery considered?
If the ultrasound shows testicular torsion (a twisted cord), surgery is usually needed urgently to save the testicle. If a solid tumor is found, surgery to remove the affected testicle (orchidectomy) may be recommended. Your surgeon and cancer team will explain everything in detail.
Living with this condition
You can go back to your day-to-day routine right after the ultrasound. There are no restrictions after the test.
Lifestyle tips
- Get to know what is normal for your testicles by checking them from time to time, ideally after a warm shower.
- See a doctor early if you notice anything new or different.
- Wear protective gear when playing contact sports to reduce the risk of injury.
Diet and exercise
No special diet or exercise restrictions are needed before or after a testicular ultrasound. You can eat, drink and move as usual.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Waiting for test results can bring worry and stress. It is normal to feel anxious. Talking to a trusted friend, family member or a professional counsellor can help.
Prevention
Testicular problems cannot always be prevented. But staying alert to changes in your testicles and seeking medical advice early can lead to earlier detection and better outcomes.
Screening programmes
There is no national screening programme for testicular cancer in the UK. Regular self-examination is not formally recommended for everyone, but being aware of how your testicles normally feel helps you notice changes early. Talk to your doctor if you want advice on self-exams.
Complications
If left untreated
- If serious testicular problems like torsion or cancer are not investigated early, treatment can become more complex and outcomes may be worse.
- An untreated infection can spread or cause long-term discomfort.
Long-term outlook
The outlook for most testicular conditions is very good. Many problems found on ultrasound are harmless, and testicular cancer is highly treatable when caught early. A testicular ultrasound is a quick, safe step on the road to clarity and, if needed, treatment.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.