colic specialist tests overview

Overview

Colic is when a healthy baby cries for more than 3 hours a day, more than 3 days a week, for more than 3 weeks. It usually starts a few weeks after birth. Doctors sometimes use tests to rule out other health problems that might be causing the crying.

Yes, colic is very common in young babies.

It affects babies in their first few weeks to about 4 months of age. Both boys and girls can have colic.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Intense crying that may last for hours
• Crying often happens in the late afternoon or evening
• Baby may clench fists, arch their back, or have a red face

Symptoms in children

• Same symptoms as above
• In older babies, colic may be less common; consult a doctor if you are unsure

Causes

Main causes

• The exact cause of colic is unknown
• Some experts think it may be due to an immature digestive system or gas
• Others suggest it may be a baby's way of coping with too much stimulation

Risk factors

• Being born prematurely
• Mothers who smoked during pregnancy
• First-born children may be more likely to have colic

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If your baby has any emergency signs listed above, call your local emergency number right away

Book a routine appointment if:

• If your baby cries for several hours and you are concerned
• If you need help managing the crying
• To rule out other medical conditions

Diagnosis

A doctor will diagnose colic based on your baby's crying pattern and a physical exam. There is no single test for colic. Instead, tests are done to make sure your baby does not have another health problem.

Tests that may be done

• Physical exam and review of symptoms
• Urine test to check for infection
• Stool test to check for blood or digestive issues
• Blood test to rule out infection or other conditions
• Imaging tests like ultrasound if your baby is not gaining weight or has other signs of a problem

What to expect at your appointment

The doctor will ask you about your baby's crying, feeding, and sleeping. They will do a gentle physical exam. If they think it's possible, they may order some simple tests to rule out other causes. Most babies with colic have no abnormal test results.

Treatment

Colic does not have a specific cure, but there are many ways to soothe your baby and help you cope. Most babies outgrow colic on their own.

Self-care at home

• Try holding your baby close and gently rocking them
• Swaddle your baby in a light blanket
• Offer a pacifier
• Use white noise like a fan or vacuum cleaner
• Take a break and ask for help from your partner, family, or friends

Medical treatments

There are no medicines specifically for colic that are proven safe and effective. Some doctors may suggest a trial of a different formula if your baby is formula-fed. For breastfeeding mothers, a trial of a dairy-free diet might be recommended. Always talk to your doctor before giving your baby any medicine or supplement.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not a treatment for colic.

Living with this condition

Living with a colicky baby can be very stressful. Remember that this phase is temporary. Take care of yourself, and don't be afraid to ask for help.

Lifestyle tips

• Try to establish a calm bedtime routine
• Limit visitors and stimulation during fussy times
• Take turns with your partner or a family member to get rest

Diet and exercise

For breastfeeding mothers, some babies may be sensitive to dairy, caffeine, or spicy foods. You can try eliminating one food at a time to see if it helps. For formula-fed babies, your doctor may suggest a hypoallergenic formula. Exercise for parents can help reduce stress.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Caring for a baby with colic can be exhausting and may lead to feelings of frustration, guilt, or depression. It is important to recognize these feelings and talk to your doctor or a mental health professional if you are struggling.

Prevention

There is no proven way to prevent colic. However, avoiding smoking during pregnancy and handling your baby gently may help reduce the chances.

Vaccines

Your baby's routine vaccinations are important for overall health but do not prevent colic.

Screening programmes

No screening test exists for colic.

Complications

If left untreated

• For the baby: very rarely, excessive crying can lead to feeding problems or weight loss
• For the parent: increased stress, anxiety, and risk of postpartum depression

Long-term outlook

The outlook for babies with colic is excellent. They grow and develop normally, and the crying usually stops by the time they are 3 to 4 months old. In the meantime, with support and expert advice, you can get through this challenging period.

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