fertility result meanings for patients
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Fertility tests check how well your reproductive system is working. They can help you and your doctor understand why you might be having trouble getting pregnant. The results give information about hormone levels, egg supply, sperm health, and whether fallopian tubes are open. These tests are a starting point for finding the right next steps.
Key facts
- Fertility tests measure things like hormone levels, the number and quality of eggs, and sperm count and movement.
- Normal results vary widely between people and can change over time.
- One abnormal test result does not mean you cannot get pregnant — it simply gives your doctor a clue to work with.
Fertility testing is very common. About 1 in 7 couples in the UK have difficulty conceiving, and many will have some tests to understand why.
Anyone trying to get pregnant may have fertility tests, whether you are trying to conceive with a partner or on your own. Both partners may be tested, as fertility problems can affect either person.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe pelvic pain
- Heavy vaginal bleeding that soaks through a pad every hour
- Fainting or feeling lightheaded with pelvic pain
- ⚠New or worsening pelvic pain that does not go away
- ⚠Pain or burning when passing urine
- ⚠Unexplained fever with pelvic pain
Common symptoms
- Not getting pregnant after 1 year of trying (or 6 months if you are over 35)
- Irregular or absent periods
- Pain during sex or pelvic pain
- Erectile dysfunction or problems with ejaculation
Causes
Main causes
- Hormonal imbalances (like polycystic ovary syndrome or thyroid problems)
- Problems with ovulation (the release of an egg each month)
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- Low sperm count or poor sperm movement
Risk factors
- Being over 35 (for women, egg quality and quantity decrease with age)
- Being overweight or underweight
- Smoking, heavy drinking, or using recreational drugs
- Certain medical conditions like endometriosis or diabetes
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have sudden, severe pelvic pain or heavy bleeding after a positive pregnancy test
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you have been trying to get pregnant for 1 year (or 6 months if you are over 35) without success
- If you have irregular or absent periods
- If you or your partner have a known condition that could affect fertility (like endometriosis or a history of testicular injury)
Diagnosis
Fertility testing usually starts with a conversation with your GP or a fertility specialist. They will ask about your medical history, your partner's health, and how long you have been trying to conceive. Then they may recommend tests.
Tests that may be done
- Blood tests to check hormone levels (like FSH, LH, oestrogen, and thyroid function)
- An ultrasound scan to look at your ovaries, uterus, and egg follicles
- A semen analysis to check sperm count, movement, and shape
- A hysterosalpingogram (an X-ray test) to see if fallopian tubes are open
What to expect at your appointment
Most tests are simple and painless, though some (like the X-ray test) may cause mild discomfort. You may need to have blood tests on certain days of your menstrual cycle. Your doctor will explain each test beforehand and tell you how to prepare.
Treatment
Treatment for fertility problems depends on the cause. Many issues can be treated with lifestyle changes, medication, or minor procedures. Assisted reproductive technologies like IVF can also help. Your doctor will discuss the options that are right for you.
Self-care at home
- Aim for a healthy weight — losing or gaining a few pounds can improve fertility in some cases
- Stop smoking, limit alcohol, and avoid recreational drugs
- Reduce stress with relaxation techniques like mindfulness or gentle exercise
- Take a folic acid supplement if you are trying to conceive
Medical treatments
Your doctor may recommend medicines to help you ovulate regularly, such as tablets that stimulate the ovaries. If you have a hormonal imbalance, treatment might include correcting thyroid levels or managing conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome. Some people benefit from intrauterine insemination (sperm placed directly into the uterus) or in vitro fertilisation (IVF), where eggs and sperm are combined in a lab and the resulting embryo is placed into the uterus.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery may be an option if you have blocked fallopian tubes, endometriosis, or fibroids (non-cancerous growths in the womb). For men, surgery can sometimes repair a blocked tube that carries sperm or treat a varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum). Your doctor will explain if surgery is suitable for you.
Living with this condition
If you are undergoing fertility testing or treatment, it can feel like an emotional rollercoaster. Try to keep a simple routine, and let close friends or family know what you are comfortable sharing. It is okay to take breaks from trying to conceive if you need to.
Lifestyle tips
- Get regular, moderate exercise (like walking or swimming)
- Avoid overheating the testicles (no hot baths, saunas, or tight underwear)
- Reduce caffeine to no more than 2 cups of coffee a day
Diet and exercise
A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can support fertility. Staying active helps with weight management and stress. There is no special 'fertility diet', but eating well is always a good idea.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Fertility problems can cause stress, anxiety, and feelings of loss or inadequacy. It is normal to feel this way. Talking to a counsellor or joining a support group can help. If you feel very low or have thoughts of harming yourself, reach out to a doctor or a mental health helpline right away.
Prevention
Some causes of infertility cannot be prevented, but you can improve your overall fertility by leading a healthy lifestyle. Avoiding smoking, limiting alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing long-term health conditions (like diabetes) may reduce some risks.
Screening programmes
There is no routine screening test for fertility problems in people who are not trying to conceive. If you are planning a pregnancy, a pre-conception check-up with your GP can help identify any issues early.
Complications
If left untreated
- Continued difficulty getting pregnant naturally
- Emotional distress and strain on relationships
- If the cause is a medical condition (like endometriosis or thyroid disease), it may worsen over time
Long-term outlook
Most fertility problems can be treated or managed. Many people go on to have children with the help of medical treatments, while others find that lifestyle changes are all they need. Even if you are not able to have a baby, there are other paths to parenthood, such as surrogacy or adoption. Your doctor can help you explore all your options.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- Your local NHS fertility clinic or sexual health service · UK
Helplines
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 30, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.