growth blood test explained
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
A growth blood test measures the amount of growth hormone and a related substance called IGF-1 in your blood. These help doctors see if your body is making the right amount of growth hormone for normal growth and health.
Key facts
- The test usually involves a simple blood draw, often after not eating for several hours.
- It helps diagnose growth hormone deficiency or excess (too much or too little).
- Results are used along with other tests and exams to understand growth patterns.
This test is not a routine screening test. It is done when a doctor suspects a growth problem, so it is less common than general blood tests.
It is most often used for children who are not growing as expected, and for adults with symptoms that might be linked to growth hormone issues.
Symptoms
- Sudden severe headache with vision loss or double vision.
- Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body.
- Fainting or passing out.
- ⚠New, persistent headaches that do not go away.
- ⚠Vision changes that come on over days or weeks.
- ⚠Rapid swelling of hands or feet.
Common symptoms
- For children: being much shorter than peers, slow growth rate over time.
- For adults: changes in hand or foot size, joint pain, excessive sweating, fatigue.
Symptoms in children
- Shorter than most children of the same age (short stature).
- Growing less than 2 inches (5 centimeters) per year after age 2.
- Delayed puberty or slow bone age.
Symptoms in older adults
- Growth blood tests in older adults are less common, but may be done if there are signs of a pituitary tumor, such as vision changes or headaches.
Causes
Main causes
- Growth hormone deficiency: the pituitary gland does not make enough growth hormone.
- Growth hormone excess: the pituitary gland makes too much growth hormone (often due to a benign tumor).
- Other conditions that affect growth hormone levels, such as genetic disorders or damage to the pituitary.
Risk factors
- Family history of growth hormone disorders.
- Certain genetic conditions (such as Turner syndrome or Prader-Willi syndrome).
- Previous head injury or radiation to the head.
- Having a pituitary tumor (most are benign).
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you or your child have any of the emergency symptoms listed above.
Book a routine appointment if:
- If your child is consistently below the growth chart curve or growing very slowly.
- If you are an adult and notice changes in your hands, feet, or facial features.
- If you have ongoing headaches or vision problems.
Diagnosis
A growth blood test is ordered by a doctor (often a pediatrician or endocrinologist). It is usually done after an overnight fast, and sometimes involves drinking a sugary liquid or taking a medication to see how your body responds.
Tests that may be done
- Growth hormone (GH) blood test.
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) blood test.
- Sometimes a growth hormone stimulation test or suppression test.
What to expect at your appointment
You will have blood drawn from a vein in your arm. You may need to come back for multiple blood samples over a few hours. The process is safe and the discomfort is minimal.
Treatment
Treatment depends on whether the test shows too little or too much growth hormone. Your doctor will explain the options based on your age, overall health, and the cause of the imbalance.
Self-care at home
- Follow a balanced diet with enough protein and calories.
- Get regular exercise to support bones and muscles.
- Get enough sleep, as growth hormone is released during deep sleep.
Medical treatments
If growth hormone levels are low, hormone replacement therapy may be given as daily injections. If levels are too high, treatment may include medications to lower growth hormone, or surgery to remove a pituitary tumor. Your doctor will prescribe the most appropriate treatment for you.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery may be recommended if a pituitary tumor is causing excess growth hormone. This is usually done through the nose (transsphenoidal surgery).
Living with this condition
If you are on treatment, you will need regular follow-up visits with an endocrinologist to monitor your hormone levels and adjust your care. Most people lead normal, active lives.
Lifestyle tips
- Keep up with regular check-ups and blood tests as advised.
- Wear a medical ID bracelet if you are on hormone therapy.
- Tell your doctor about any new symptoms promptly.
Diet and exercise
Eat a well-balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins. Regular exercise helps keep bones strong and improves mood. Your doctor can give you specific advice for your condition.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Growth problems can affect self-esteem, especially in children and teenagers. It’s normal to feel worried or frustrated. Talk to your doctor or a counselor if you or your child are struggling emotionally.
Prevention
Most growth hormone disorders are not preventable. However, early detection through regular check-ups can lead to better outcomes. There is no way to prevent a pituitary tumor from forming.
Vaccines
There are no vaccines to prevent growth hormone disorders.
Screening programmes
There is no routine screening for growth hormone levels in the general population. Screening is only done if symptoms or growth concerns arise.
Complications
If left untreated
- In children: continued slow growth, very short adult height.
- In adults with excess growth hormone: joint pain, heart problems, high blood pressure, and changes in body shape.
- In adults with deficiency: fatigue, weak bones, increased body fat, and higher risk of heart disease.
Long-term outlook
With proper diagnosis and treatment, the outlook is very good. Most children reach a normal adult height, and adults with growth hormone disorders can manage their symptoms and live well. Your healthcare team will work with you to find the best plan.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 30, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.