IBS screening test preparation

Overview

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common long-term condition that affects the digestive system. It causes symptoms like stomach cramps, bloating, diarrhoea and constipation. It is not a serious disease and does not damage the bowel or increase the risk of cancer.

Yes, IBS is very common. It affects about 1 in 5 people at some point in their lives.

IBS can affect people of any age, but it most often starts in young adulthood and is more common in women than men.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Abdominal pain or cramping that often improves after passing wind or a bowel movement
• Bloating
• Diarrhoea or constipation, sometimes alternating
• A feeling that you have not finished a bowel movement
• Mucus in the stool

Symptoms in children

• Children with IBS may have similar symptoms to adults, including tummy aches, bloating, diarrhoea or constipation.
• They might also complain of nausea or feel full quickly after eating.

Symptoms in older adults

• Older adults with IBS experience the same symptoms as younger people, but other health conditions and medicines can make diagnosis more complex.
• It is important to rule out other causes of gut symptoms in older adults.

Causes

Main causes

• The exact cause of IBS is not known, but it is thought to involve oversensitive nerves in the gut.
• Problems with how food moves through the digestive system.
• Stress, anxiety or a previous severe gut infection (gastroenteritis).
• Food intolerances, for example to certain carbohydrates or gluten.

Risk factors

• Having a family history of IBS
• Being female
• Having a history of anxiety or depression
• Often being under stress
• Having a food intolerance or sensitivity

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• Severe abdominal pain or rectal bleeding
• Unexplained weight loss
• A change in bowel habit that lasts more than a few weeks, especially if you are over 50

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have had symptoms of IBS for more than a few weeks and they are affecting your quality of life
• To rule out other conditions before starting management

Diagnosis

There is no single test for IBS. The diagnosis is made based on your symptoms and by ruling out other conditions. Your doctor will take a detailed history and may arrange several tests.

Tests that may be done

• Blood tests to check for coeliac disease, anaemia and inflammation
• Stool tests to look for infection or inflammation
• Breath tests for lactose intolerance or bacterial overgrowth
• Sometimes a colonoscopy (a camera test of the large bowel) if you have alarm symptoms or are over 50

What to expect at your appointment

For blood tests, you may need to fast for 12 hours if the doctor is checking for coeliac disease. For a breath test, you will need to fast and avoid high-fibre foods the day before. For a colonoscopy, you will be given a special diet and laxatives to clear the bowel. Your doctor or nurse will give you detailed instructions.

Treatment

Treatment for IBS focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. It often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, diet adjustments and, if needed, medicines.

Self-care at home

• Eat regular meals and take time to eat slowly
• Keep a diary to identify trigger foods and stress
• Stay active with exercise like walking or yoga
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques or talking therapies

Medical treatments

Medicines can help with specific symptoms such as cramping, diarrhoea or constipation. Your doctor may recommend certain types of medication that relax the gut muscles or regulate bowel movements. Sometimes low-dose antidepressants are used to reduce pain signals from the gut. Always talk to your doctor about which option is best for you. Do not take over-the-counter medicines without advice.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not used to treat IBS. It does not correct the underlying problem and can sometimes make symptoms worse.

Living with this condition

Living with IBS can be challenging, but many people find ways to control their symptoms and lead a full life. It helps to learn your triggers and have a plan for flare-ups.

Lifestyle tips

• Keep a symptom diary to track food, stress and bowel habits
• Try relaxation exercises like deep breathing or mindfulness
• Get regular, moderate exercise
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol and caffeine

Diet and exercise

A low FODMAP diet – with guidance from a dietitian – can help identify food triggers. Increase fibre slowly, drink plenty of water, and avoid large or fatty meals. Regular exercise like walking, swimming or cycling can improve digestion and reduce stress.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

IBS is closely linked to stress and anxiety. It is common to feel frustrated or worried about symptoms. Talking to a therapist or trying cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) may help. Your doctor can refer you to appropriate services.

Prevention

There is no sure way to prevent IBS, but managing stress, eating a balanced diet and staying active may reduce your risk of developing symptoms or help keep them under control.

Screening programmes

IBS is not a condition that is screened for. The tests described in the diagnosis section are used to rule out other conditions when symptoms suggest IBS.

Complications

If left untreated

• Untreated IBS does not cause permanent damage to the bowel or lead to cancer.
• However, it can significantly affect quality of life, causing discomfort, anxiety and missed work or school days.

Long-term outlook

The outlook for IBS is positive. With the right support and management, most people with IBS can control their symptoms and live a normal, active life. Symptoms often come and go, but flare-ups can be managed.

Find support

International organisations

• International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders (IFFGD)

Local organisations

• The IBS Network (UK) · United Kingdom

Helplines

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