IGF-1 blood test
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
The IGF-1 blood test measures the level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in your blood. IGF-1 is a hormone that helps control growth and development. This test is often used to check for problems with your pituitary gland, such as too much or too little growth hormone.
Key facts
- IGF-1 levels change throughout the day and are affected by age, sex, and nutrition.
- The test is usually done in the morning after an overnight fast.
- It is not a routine screening test; it is ordered when a doctor suspects a growth hormone disorder.
The IGF-1 test itself is a common test in endocrinology, but the conditions it helps diagnose—like acromegaly or growth hormone deficiency—are relatively rare.
It affects people of all ages. Children with growth problems, adults with symptoms of acromegaly (enlarged features), and those being treated for growth hormone disorders may need this test.
Symptoms
- Sudden severe headache or vision loss, which can indicate a pituitary tumor pressing on the optic nerve.
- Chest pain or shortness of breath, especially in known acromegaly, as heart problems can occur.
- ⚠Rapid changes in facial features or hand/foot size over weeks to months.
- ⚠Severe joint pain or swelling.
Common symptoms
- For growth hormone deficiency: short stature in children, fatigue, decreased muscle mass, increased body fat in adults.
- For acromegaly: enlarged hands and feet, coarse facial features, joint pain, thickening of the skin.
Symptoms in children
- Slow growth or short stature compared to peers.
- Delayed puberty.
- Low energy or fatigue.
Symptoms in older adults
- Unexplained weakness, loss of muscle mass, or bone density.
- Fatigue, changes in body composition (more fat, less muscle).
Causes
Main causes
- A noncancerous tumor on the pituitary gland (the most common cause of too much growth hormone).
- Damage to the pituitary gland from surgery, radiation, or head injury (causing growth hormone deficiency).
- Genetic conditions that affect growth hormone production.
Risk factors
- Age (growth hormone deficiency is more common with age).
- History of pituitary tumors or other endocrine disorders.
- Head trauma or radiation to the head.
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you notice sudden changes in your vision, severe headaches, or rapid changes in your appearance (like hands, feet, or facial features growing quickly).
Book a routine appointment if:
- If your child seems much shorter than peers or not growing at a normal rate.
- If you have ongoing fatigue, weakness, or unexplained changes in body composition.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will order an IGF-1 blood test if they suspect a growth hormone disorder. The test is usually done in a lab after an overnight fast. It is often combined with other tests, like a glucose tolerance test or growth hormone stimulation test, to confirm the diagnosis.
Tests that may be done
- IGF-1 blood test.
- Glucose tolerance test (for acromegaly).
- Growth hormone stimulation test (for deficiency).
- MRI of the pituitary gland to look for tumors.
What to expect at your appointment
You will have a blood sample taken from a vein in your arm. You may need to fast for 8–12 hours beforehand. The test is quick and low risk. Results usually come back in a few days. Your doctor will explain what the results mean.
Treatment
Treatment depends on whether you have too much or too little growth hormone. The goal is to bring your hormone levels back to normal and manage any underlying cause, such as a pituitary tumor.
Self-care at home
- Keep follow-up appointments with your endocrinologist.
- Maintain a healthy weight and eat a balanced diet.
- Get regular exercise to support bone and muscle health.
Medical treatments
For too much growth hormone (acromegaly), treatment may include surgery to remove the tumor, radiation therapy, or medication to block the effects of growth hormone. For growth hormone deficiency, synthetic growth hormone injections (prescribed by a specialist) can help restore normal levels. Your doctor will create a plan tailored to you.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is often the first treatment for a pituitary tumor causing acromegaly. It may also be needed for some cases of growth hormone deficiency if a tumor is pressing on nearby structures.
Living with this condition
Living with a growth hormone disorder involves regular monitoring of hormone levels and treatment adjustments. You may need to see an endocrinologist every few months. With proper treatment, most people can lead a normal life.
Lifestyle tips
- Follow your treatment plan consistently.
- Manage stress through relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation.
- Stay active, but listen to your body and avoid overexertion.
Diet and exercise
A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein supports overall health. Strength training and moderate aerobic exercise (like walking or swimming) help maintain muscle and bone health. Talk to your doctor before starting a new exercise program.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Dealing with a chronic condition can be stressful. Changes in appearance (acromegaly) or feeling different from peers (growth deficiency) may affect self-esteem. It is normal to feel anxious or depressed. Reach out to a counselor or support group if needed.
Prevention
Most growth hormone disorders cannot be prevented, as they are often caused by tumors or genetic factors. However, early detection through regular check-ups can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Screening programmes
There is no routine screening for growth hormone disorders. Testing is reserved for people with symptoms or known risk factors. If you have a family history of pituitary tumors, talk to your doctor about monitoring.
Complications
If left untreated
- For acromegaly: heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, joint damage, and vision loss.
- For growth hormone deficiency: increased risk of osteoporosis (weak bones), obesity, and heart problems.
- In children: permanent short stature and delayed development.
Long-term outlook
With proper treatment, most people with growth hormone disorders can manage their symptoms and have a good quality of life. The key is early diagnosis and consistent follow-up care. Your healthcare team will work with you every step of the way.
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Guidance may differ by country or region. Confirm local recommendations with a qualified healthcare provider.