palpitations result meanings for patients

Overview

Palpitations are feelings that your heart is pounding, fluttering, or beating too fast or too hard. You may feel this in your chest, throat, or neck.

Yes, palpitations are very common. Many people experience them at some point in their lives.

Palpitations can affect people of all ages, including children and older adults.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• A racing or fast heartbeat
• A fluttering or pounding feeling in the chest
• Sensation of skipped or extra beats
• Feeling the heartbeat in the throat or neck

Symptoms in children

• Children may describe a 'funny' feeling in their chest
• They might say their heart is 'jumping'
• They could feel dizzy or short of breath

Symptoms in older adults

• Older adults may notice palpitations more often
• They may also experience lightheadedness, fatigue, or chest discomfort

Causes

Main causes

• Emotions, such as stress, anxiety, or panic
• Caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, or illegal drugs
• Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, menopause)
• Some over-the-counter and prescription medications
• Underlying heart conditions (e.g., arrhythmia, valve problems)

Risk factors

• Being very stressed or anxious
• Drinking too much caffeine or alcohol
• Lack of sleep
• Certain medical conditions like high blood pressure or thyroid problems
• Family history of heart rhythm problems

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If palpitations are frequent or last a long time
• If you also have dizziness, fainting, or shortness of breath
• If you have a history of heart disease

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you notice new or occasional palpitations and are concerned
• To check for underlying causes even if symptoms are mild

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and do a physical exam. They may order tests to check your heart's rhythm and structure.

Tests that may be done

• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) – a quick, painless test that records your heart's electrical activity
• Holter monitor – a portable ECG device you wear for 24 to 48 hours to record your heart's rhythm during daily activities
• Event recorder – a device you wear for weeks or months and press a button when you feel a palpitation
• Echocardiogram – an ultrasound of your heart to see its structure and function
• Blood tests to check for conditions like thyroid problems or anemia

What to expect at your appointment

Your doctor will explain the results and what they mean for your health. Most tests are simple and non-invasive. You may need to record your symptoms in a diary.

Treatment

Treatment for palpitations depends on the cause. If they are harmless, no treatment may be needed. If an underlying condition is found, treatment will focus on that.

Self-care at home

• Reduce or avoid triggers like caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
• Practice stress management techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga
• Get enough sleep and rest
• Stay well-hydrated
• Keep a symptom diary to identify patterns

Medical treatments

For underlying heart conditions, doctors may recommend medications to regulate heart rhythm or blood pressure. In some cases, a procedure called catheter ablation may be used to correct electrical problems in the heart. The specific treatment will depend on the cause.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is rarely needed for palpitations alone. If palpitations are caused by a serious heart condition like severe valve disease or heart defect, surgery may be considered.

Living with this condition

Most people with palpitations can live a full, active life. Focus on managing triggers and staying healthy. Keep in touch with your doctor if symptoms change.

Lifestyle tips

• Stay active with regular exercise, but avoid extreme exertion if you feel unwell
• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Limit caffeine, alcohol, and processed foods
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques

Diet and exercise

A heart-healthy diet and regular physical activity can help reduce the frequency of palpitations. Walking, swimming, and cycling are great options. Always check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Palpitations can cause anxiety, especially if you worry about your heart. This may make palpitations worse. It is important to address any fears with your doctor and seek support if needed.

Prevention

You cannot always prevent palpitations, but you can reduce your risk by avoiding known triggers and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

Complications

If left untreated

• Stroke if blood clots form due to certain arrhythmias
• Heart failure if the heart pumps inefficiently for a long time
• Fainting or injury from falls

Long-term outlook

For most people, palpitations are harmless and do not lead to serious problems. Those with underlying conditions often do well with proper treatment. Living a heart-healthy lifestyle and monitoring symptoms can help you stay well.

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