palpitations specialist tests overview
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Palpitations are the feeling that your heart is pounding, fluttering, or beating irregularly. They are often harmless but can sometimes be a sign of a heart problem. Specialist tests help your doctor understand what is causing them.
Key facts
- Palpitations are very common and usually not dangerous.
- Specialist tests focus on recording your heart's electrical activity during symptoms.
- Most people with palpitations do not have a serious condition.
Yes, palpitations are very common. Most people experience them at some point in their lives.
Palpitations can affect anyone, but they are more common in people who are anxious, consume caffeine or alcohol, or have certain heart conditions.
Symptoms
- Chest pain or pressure that lasts more than a few minutes
- Fainting or passing out
- Severe shortness of breath
- Palpitations with dizziness or confusion
- ⚠Palpitations that are frequent, last a long time, or are getting worse
- ⚠Palpitations with lightheadedness that does not go away
- ⚠Palpitations after a heart attack or heart surgery
Common symptoms
- A fluttering or pounding sensation in your chest
- Feeling like your heart is skipping a beat
- A racing heart rate
- A sensation of your heart beating too hard or too fast
Symptoms in children
- Children may describe it as 'my heart is jumping' or 'my chest is wiggling'
- They might feel dizzy or short of breath
Symptoms in older adults
- Older adults may experience palpitations along with chest pain, shortness of breath, or fainting
- They may have underlying heart conditions that need attention
Causes
Main causes
- Stress, anxiety, or panic attacks
- Caffeine, alcohol, or nicotine
- Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, menopause)
- Heart conditions like atrial fibrillation or arrhythmias
- Certain medications (ask your doctor)
- Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., low potassium)
Risk factors
- Family history of heart rhythm problems
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease or previous heart attack
- Overactive thyroid
- Anxiety or panic disorder
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- If you have palpitations with chest pain, fainting, or severe shortness of breath, call emergency services immediately
- If you have a known heart condition and palpitations are new or different
Book a routine appointment if:
- If you notice frequent or bothersome palpitations
- If palpitations are affecting your quality of life
- If you are worried and want reassurance
Diagnosis
Your doctor will start by asking about your symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle. They may listen to your heart and check your pulse. Based on this, they might refer you for specialist tests to record your heart's activity.
Tests that may be done
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): A quick, painless test that records the electrical signals of your heart
- Holter monitor: A portable ECG device you wear for 24 to 48 hours to record your heart's rhythm during daily activities
- Event recorder: A device you wear for up to a month, and you press a button when you feel symptoms to record the heart's activity
- Echocardiogram: An ultrasound of your heart to check structure and function
- Blood tests: To check for thyroid problems, electrolyte imbalances, or other causes
- Exercise stress test: To see how your heart responds to physical activity
What to expect at your appointment
Most tests are non-invasive and can be done as an outpatient. You may need to wear a monitor for a day or two. The results will help your doctor determine if your palpitations need treatment or just monitoring.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause of your palpitations. Often, no treatment is needed, and simply making lifestyle changes can help. If a heart condition is found, your doctor will discuss the best approach for you.
Self-care at home
- Reduce or avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
- Manage stress with relaxation techniques like deep breathing or meditation
- Get enough sleep and stay hydrated
- Keep a symptom diary to share with your doctor
Medical treatments
If palpitations are caused by an underlying heart condition, treatment may include medications to control heart rate or rhythm, or procedures like cardioversion or catheter ablation. Always follow your doctor's advice — never take heart medications without a prescription.
When is surgery considered?
In some cases, such as certain arrhythmias, a procedure called catheter ablation may be recommended. This destroys the small area of heart tissue causing the abnormal rhythm. Discuss options with your specialist.
Living with this condition
Most people with palpitations can lead a normal life. Learn to recognize your triggers and manage them. Keep a symptom diary to help your doctor.
Lifestyle tips
- Stay active with moderate exercise unless your doctor advises otherwise
- Practice relaxation techniques to reduce anxiety
- Limit alcohol and avoid illegal drugs
- If you smoke, consider quitting — get support from your local health service
Diet and exercise
Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Stay hydrated. Regular, moderate exercise like walking or swimming is beneficial, but check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Palpitations can be worrying and may cause anxiety. This is normal. If anxiety is affecting your daily life, talk to your doctor about support options such as counselling or therapy.
Prevention
You cannot always prevent palpitations, but you can reduce your risk by managing stress, avoiding triggers, and treating underlying conditions like high blood pressure or thyroid problems.
Vaccines
There are no vaccines for palpitations. However, staying up to date on recommended vaccinations (like flu and COVID-19) can help prevent infections that might stress the heart.
Screening programmes
Routine screening for heart conditions is not recommended for everyone. If you have risk factors, your doctor may suggest regular check-ups.
Complications
If left untreated
- If palpitations are caused by a serious arrhythmia, untreated it could lead to fainting, stroke, or heart failure
- Some arrhythmias can increase the risk of blood clots
- Frequent palpitations can cause anxiety and affect quality of life
Long-term outlook
For most people, palpitations are harmless and go away on their own or with simple lifestyle changes. Even when a heart condition is found, treatment is very effective. With proper care, most people can return to their normal activities and feel well.
Find support
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Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
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Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 16, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.
Guidance may differ by country or region. Confirm local recommendations with a qualified healthcare provider.