panic specialist tests overview

Overview

Panic disorder is a condition where a person has sudden, intense episodes of fear called panic attacks. These attacks can feel scary and may happen without warning. A specialist can help figure out if you have panic disorder and rule out other health problems.

Yes, panic disorder affects about 2 to 3 in every 100 people each year. It is one of the more common anxiety disorders.

Panic disorder can affect people of any age, but it often starts in the late teens or early adulthood. It is about twice as common in women as in men.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Sudden, intense fear or discomfort that peaks within minutes
• Racing or pounding heart
• Sweating, trembling, or shaking
• Shortness of breath or feeling smothered
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Nausea or stomach upset
• Dizziness, lightheadedness, or feeling faint
• Chills or hot flashes
• Numbness or tingling sensations
• Derealization (feeling unreal) or depersonalization (feeling detached from yourself)
• Fear of losing control or dying

Symptoms in children

• Children may complain of stomachaches, headaches, or other physical pains instead of fear.
• They might refuse to go to school or avoid places where they had a panic attack before.
• Young children may cry, cling, or have tantrums during an attack.

Symptoms in older adults

• Older adults may experience fewer emotional symptoms and more physical symptoms, such as chest tightness or shortness of breath.
• They might worry the symptoms are a sign of a serious medical condition like a heart problem.
• Attacks could be triggered by other health issues or medications.

Causes

Main causes

• The exact cause is not fully understood, but it likely involves a mix of genetic, biological, and environmental factors.
• An overactive 'fight or flight' response in the brain may cause the body to react to normal situations as if they were dangerous.
• Stressful life events, such as losing a loved one, divorce, or trauma, can trigger the first panic attack.

Risk factors

• Family history of panic disorder or other anxiety disorders
• History of childhood abuse or trauma
• Major life stress, such as finishing school, getting married, or starting a new job
• Smoking or heavy caffeine use
• Certain medical conditions, like thyroid problems or heart rhythm issues

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have chest pain, trouble breathing, or feel like you might pass out – call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency room.
• If you have suicidal thoughts or feel you might hurt yourself, seek help immediately.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have had one or more panic attacks and you are worried about having more
• If panic attacks are interfering with your life, such as avoiding places or situations
• If you have symptoms of panic that last for more than a few weeks

Diagnosis

There is no single test for panic disorder. A doctor or mental health specialist will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and any stressful events. They may also do a physical exam and run tests to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as heart or thyroid problems.

Tests that may be done

• Clinical interview: a detailed conversation about your panic attacks and feelings
• Questionnaires or rating scales, like the Panic Disorder Severity Scale
• Physical exam to check your heart, lungs, and overall health
• Blood tests to check thyroid function, blood sugar, and other chemicals
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to check your heart's rhythm
• Sometimes a referral to a psychiatrist or psychologist for further evaluation

What to expect at your appointment

The assessment usually takes 30 minutes to an hour. Your doctor will ask open-ended questions and may ask you to describe what happens during an attack. They will also ask about your daily life, habits, and any stressors. This is a collaborative process – your honest answers help them understand your experience and decide the best next steps.

Treatment

Panic disorder is treatable. Most people get better with a combination of therapy, lifestyle changes, and sometimes medication. Treatment aims to reduce the number and intensity of panic attacks, help you feel more in control, and improve your quality of life.

Self-care at home

• Learn and practice deep breathing or grounding techniques during an attack
• Reduce or avoid caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine
• Get regular physical activity, like walking or yoga
• Prioritize sleep and rest
• Join a support group for people with anxiety – sharing experiences can help

Medical treatments

A healthcare provider may recommend talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps you change unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors. Some people also benefit from medication, such as certain antidepressants or anti-anxiety medicines. These medications work by balancing brain chemicals. Always follow your doctor's advice and never change doses without consulting them.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is not a treatment for panic disorder. The condition is managed with therapy, lifestyle changes, and medication.

Living with this condition

Living with panic disorder means learning to manage triggers and knowing that you have tools to cope. It can help to keep a diary of your attacks – what happened, what you felt, and what helped. Over time, you can spot patterns and feel more prepared.

Lifestyle tips

• Stick to a regular daily routine
• Limit caffeine, especially in the afternoon and evening
• Avoid alcohol and recreational drugs, which can worsen symptoms
• Make time for relaxation and hobbies you enjoy
• Talk openly with trusted friends or family about your feelings

Diet and exercise

Eating a balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains supports overall health. Regular exercise, like brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, can help reduce anxiety and improve mood. Aim for at least 30 minutes of activity most days, but start slowly if you're new to exercise.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Panic disorder can make you feel anxious about having another attack, which may lead you to avoid places or situations. This can affect work, school, and relationships. It's important to address these feelings with a therapist or counselor. Remember, treatment can help you regain control and reduce avoidance.

Prevention

There is no guaranteed way to prevent panic disorder, but early recognition and treatment can reduce the impact. Learning stress management and healthy coping skills may lower the risk of developing severe symptoms.

Vaccines

There is no vaccine for panic disorder.

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening test for panic disorder. If you have symptoms or concerns, talk to your doctor – they can help determine if you need further evaluation.

Complications

If left untreated

• Agoraphobia – a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult, leading to avoiding many places and activities
• Social isolation and withdrawal from work, school, or relationships
• Depression or other anxiety disorders
• Increased risk of substance use problems, as some people try to self-medicate
• Financial or legal problems due to missed work or medical costs

Long-term outlook

The outlook for panic disorder is very good. With proper treatment, most people experience a significant reduction in panic attacks and worry. Many recover fully and lead active, fulfilling lives. Early help often leads to faster improvement, but even long-standing panic disorder can be treated effectively.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.