tendon specialist tests overview

Overview

Tendon specialist tests are examinations a doctor uses to find out if you have a tendon injury or problem. These tests help check how well your tendons are working and where the problem might be. A tendon is a strong, flexible band of tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Tendon tests are very common for people with pain or weakness in joints, especially around the shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, or ankle.

These tests are used for people of all ages who have tendon problems, but athletes, people with repetitive motion jobs, and older adults are more likely to need them.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Pain or tenderness near a joint, especially when moving
• Swelling around a tendon
• Weakness or stiffness in the affected area
• A grating or crackling feeling when moving the joint

Symptoms in children

• Pain that gets worse with activity
• Limping or favouring one limb
• Complaints of a 'clicking' or 'snapping' feeling

Symptoms in older adults

• Gradual onset of pain or stiffness
• Reduced range of motion in a joint
• Feeling that the tendon 'gives way' during activity

Causes

Main causes

• Overuse – repeated movements can strain a tendon
• Injury – a sudden force or twist can tear a tendon
• Aging – tendons naturally become less flexible over time

Risk factors

• Playing sports that involve running, jumping, or throwing
• Doing repetitive work like typing, gardening, or assembly line tasks
• Having a condition like rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes
• Being over 40 years old

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have sudden, severe pain after an injury and cannot use the joint

Book a routine appointment if:

• If you have pain or swelling that lasts for more than a few days
• If you notice weakness or reduced movement in a joint

Diagnosis

Your doctor will start by asking about your symptoms and medical history, then will examine the painful area. They may move your joint in certain ways, feel for swelling, and test your strength. Imaging tests help confirm the diagnosis.

Tests that may be done

• Physical exam – the doctor checks for pain, swelling, and range of motion
• Ultrasound – uses sound waves to create pictures of the tendon
• MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) – gives detailed images of soft tissues like tendons
• X-ray – may be used to rule out bone problems
• Electromyography (EMG) – small needles measure electrical activity in muscles, sometimes used for nerve-related issues

What to expect at your appointment

Most tendon tests are painless. Imaging scans require you to lie still for a short time. Your doctor will explain each test and why it's needed. Results usually come within a few days or weeks.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the tendon problem. Many tendon issues improve with rest, physical therapy, and simple pain relief. More serious tears may need injection treatments or surgery.

Self-care at home

• Rest the affected area – avoid activities that cause pain
• Apply ice packs for 15-20 minutes several times a day to reduce swelling
• Wrap the area with an elastic bandage or use a brace for support
• Elevate the limb if there is swelling

Medical treatments

Your doctor may recommend physical therapy to strengthen muscles around the tendon. Some people benefit from anti-inflammatory medicines or injections that reduce swelling. In rare cases, surgery is needed to repair a torn tendon.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery is usually only considered if the tendon is torn completely, or if non-surgical treatments have not worked after several months.

Living with this condition

Living with a tendon issue means learning to pace yourself and listen to your body. You may need to modify activities that aggravate the tendon while you heal.

Lifestyle tips

• Take breaks during repetitive tasks
• Use proper technique when exercising or lifting
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce strain on joints

Diet and exercise

A balanced diet rich in vitamins C and D, and protein, can help tendon healing. Gentle stretching and strengthening exercises, as guided by a physiotherapist, are important for recovery.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Living with pain or limited movement can be frustrating and may affect your mood. It's normal to feel worried or down. Talking to a doctor or counsellor can help.

Prevention

Not all tendon problems can be prevented, but you can lower your risk by warming up before exercise, using proper equipment, and avoiding sudden increases in activity intensity.

Complications

If left untreated

• Chronic pain that doesn't go away
• Permanent weakness or loss of function in the affected joint
• Complete tendon rupture that may require surgery

Long-term outlook

With proper care, most tendon problems heal well. Many people return to their normal activities after treatment. Following your doctor's advice and being patient with your recovery gives the best outcome.

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