varicose veins blood test explained

Overview

Varicose veins are swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the surface of your skin. They usually happen in the legs. A blood test is not used to diagnose varicose veins directly. Instead, your doctor may order a blood test to check for other health problems that could be causing your symptoms or making the veins worse.

Yes, varicose veins are very common. About 1 in 3 adults will have them at some point in their lives.

They can affect anyone, but are more common in women, people over 50, those who are pregnant, have a family history, or stand for long periods.

Symptoms

Common symptoms

• Visible blue or dark purple veins that bulge.
• Aching, heavy, or tired legs, especially after standing.
• Swelling in the ankles or feet.
• Itching or burning around the vein.
• Restless legs at night.

Symptoms in children

• Varicose veins are rare in children. If they appear, they may be linked to a blood vessel problem that was present at birth.

Symptoms in older adults

• Varicose veins become more common as you age.
• Older adults may have more swelling, skin thinning, or leg discomfort.

Causes

Main causes

• Weak or damaged valves in the veins that allow blood to flow backward and pool.
• Weakened vein walls that stretch and lose their elasticity.

Risk factors

• Getting older.
• Being female.
• Pregnancy.
• Obesity.
• Family history of varicose veins.
• Standing or sitting for long periods of time.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor urgently if:

• If you have sudden leg pain, swelling, or a hard, tender vein (possible blood clot).
• If a varicose vein bleeds and you cannot stop it with pressure.

Book a routine appointment if:

• If your veins are causing daily discomfort, itching, or aching.
• If you are worried about the way they look.
• To discuss treatment options.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will first look at your legs and ask about your symptoms. They may also feel the veins. The main test is an ultrasound scan (duplex ultrasound) which uses sound waves to see how blood flows in your veins. A blood test is not needed for varicose veins themselves, but your doctor might order one to check for other things like a blood clotting disorder, inflammation, or thyroid problems.

Tests that may be done

• Physical examination of your legs while standing and lying down.
• Duplex ultrasound – a painless scan to check blood flow and vein function.
• Blood test – only if your doctor suspects another condition (e.g., clotting disorder, D-dimer test for clots, or tests for vein inflammation).

What to expect at your appointment

During a blood test, a small sample will be taken from your arm. It is quick and usually causes just a brief pinch. Your doctor will explain why the test is needed and what the results mean.

Treatment

Treatment for varicose veins focuses on relieving symptoms, preventing complications, and improving the appearance. Many people need only self-care measures. When symptoms are bothersome, medical procedures can close or remove the affected veins.

Self-care at home

• Wear compression stockings to improve blood flow and reduce swelling.
• Elevate your legs above your heart when resting.
• Exercise regularly – walking helps pump blood back up the legs.
• Avoid standing or sitting for long periods; take breaks to move.
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your veins.

Medical treatments

Medical treatments include procedures that close off the faulty vein so blood reroutes to healthy veins. These can be done with heat (laser or radiofrequency ablation), a foam injection (sclerotherapy), or a small cut to remove the vein (phlebectomy). Your doctor will discuss which option is best for you based on your specific situation.

When is surgery considered?

Surgery (vein stripping) is less common now but may be recommended if other treatments are not suitable or if the veins are very large.

Living with this condition

Most people with varicose veins can live comfortably with simple habits. Wear compression stockings if prescribed, keep moving, and elevate your legs when you can. Protect your legs from injury and check for any changes in your skin.

Lifestyle tips

• Keep active – walking, swimming, or cycling.
• Avoid tight clothing that restricts blood flow.
• Change position often if you have to sit or stand for work.
• Sleep with your legs slightly raised (put a pillow under your mattress).

Diet and exercise

Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fibre to prevent constipation (which can worsen vein pressure). Avoid high-salt foods that can cause fluid retention. Regular exercise, especially walking, improves circulation in your legs.

Mental health and emotional wellbeing

Varicose veins can affect how you feel about your appearance, which may lower your self-esteem. It is normal to feel self-conscious. Talking to a doctor or a counsellor can help. Remember that they are very common and usually treatable.

Prevention

You may not be able to prevent varicose veins, especially if they run in your family. However, you can reduce your risk by staying active, keeping a healthy weight, avoiding long periods of standing or sitting, and wearing compression stockings if you are at high risk (for example, during pregnancy).

Screening programmes

There is no routine screening test for varicose veins. If you notice changes or symptoms, see your doctor.

Complications

If left untreated

• Skin changes like thinning, discolouration, or hardening of the skin around the ankle.
• Leg ulcers (open sores) that can be slow to heal.
• Bleeding from a varicose vein after a minor injury.
• Superficial thrombophlebitis – inflammation and blood clots in a vein near the skin.
• Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT).

Long-term outlook

For most people, varicose veins are a minor issue. With self-care and, if needed, medical treatment, symptoms usually improve. Serious complications are rare, and modern treatments are very effective and safe.

Find support

External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.