screening for menopause
Informed by recognized medical guidance
Overview
Menopause is the natural point in life when your periods stop forever. Screening for menopause is not a single test; it is a way for your doctor or nurse to review your symptoms, medical history, and occasionally do blood tests to help you understand whether you are in perimenopause or menopause.
Key facts
- Menopause is confirmed after you have gone 12 months without a period, unless your periods stopped because of surgery or medicine.
- Most women have symptoms such as hot flushes, sleep problems, low mood, and brain fog during perimenopause and menopause.
- There is no one-size-fits-all screening test for menopause; doctors usually diagnose it based on your age, symptoms, and menstrual history.
Yes. Menopause is a normal part of ageing and will happen to every woman or person who has periods, usually between the ages of 45 and 55.
Menopause affects people who have menstrual cycles, typically women, most often in their late 40s to early 50s. It can also happen earlier because of surgery to remove the ovaries, cancer treatments, or a condition called primary ovarian insufficiency.
Symptoms
- Sudden, severe abdominal or pelvic pain
- Heavy vaginal bleeding that soaks through a pad or super plus tampon every hour for 2 or more hours
- Chest pain or difficulty breathing
- Fainting, severe dizziness, or feeling very weak
- ⚠Any vaginal bleeding after 12 months without a period
- ⚠New or worsening depression, or thoughts of self-harm
- ⚠Pelvic pain that does not go away
Common symptoms
- Hot flushes and night sweats
- Irregular periods or periods getting lighter or heavier
- Difficulty sleeping or waking often
- Low mood, anxiety, or irritability
- Vaginal dryness or discomfort during sex
- Reduced interest in sex
- Brain fog or trouble concentrating
- Headaches or joint aches
Causes
Main causes
- Natural decline in the hormones oestrogen and progesterone as the ovaries age
- Surgery to remove both ovaries (surgical menopause)
- Chemotherapy or radiation therapy to the pelvis
- Primary ovarian insufficiency, where the ovaries stop working before age 40
Risk factors
- Family history of early menopause
- Smoking
- Certain autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid disease or rheumatoid arthritis
- Epilepsy or HIV
- Cancer treatments that affect the ovaries
When to see a doctor
See a doctor urgently if:
- You have heavy bleeding or bleeding after menopause — get same-day care.
- You feel very low, hopeless, or have thoughts of harming yourself — call a crisis line or your local emergency number.
- You have severe pelvic pain that does not ease.
Book a routine appointment if:
- You are between 40 and 55 and have symptoms that are affecting your sleep, mood, or daily life.
- Your periods are very irregular, very heavy, or you have spotting between periods.
- You are thinking about ways to manage symptoms and want to discuss your options.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will usually diagnose menopause by talking with you about your symptoms, periods, and medical history. Blood tests are not always needed, but they may help if your symptoms are unclear or if you are under 45.
Tests that may be done
- Blood test to check follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and oestradiol levels, if needed
- Thyroid function test to rule out a thyroid problem causing similar symptoms
- Pregnancy test if your periods have stopped unexpectedly
- Sometimes a pelvic ultrasound or exam if there is unusual bleeding
What to expect at your appointment
Your clinician will ask about your periods, symptoms, family history, and any medicines you take. They may check your blood pressure and weight. You will leave with a clearer picture of where you are in the menopausal transition and what support or treatment might help.
Treatment
Treatment for menopause is not one-size-fits-all. It focuses on reducing symptoms and protecting your long-term health. Options include lifestyle changes, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and non-hormone medicines. The right plan depends on your own preferences, symptoms, and medical history.
Self-care at home
- Keep a diary of your symptoms and possible triggers, like caffeine, spicy food, or stress.
- Wear light clothing and keep a fan nearby for hot flushes.
- Try slow breathing or mindfulness to help manage hot flushes and anxiety.
- Use over-the-counter vaginal moisturisers or lubricants to ease dryness.
- Get regular sleep by keeping a cool, dark bedroom and a consistent bedtime.
Medical treatments
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can be very effective for hot flushes and vaginal dryness, but it is not suitable for everyone. Your doctor may also suggest non-hormone prescription medicines for mood, sleep, or nerve-type symptoms, and vaginal oestrogen for dryness. Always talk through the benefits and risks with your healthcare provider.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery is not a treatment for menopause itself. If you have had your ovaries removed, you may experience a sudden menopause, and your surgeon or gynaecologist will discuss whether HRT or other options are appropriate for you.
Living with this condition
Think of menopause as a transition rather than an ending. You can prepare by learning about symptoms, talking openly with people you trust, and keeping up with routines that make you feel well.
Lifestyle tips
- Stay physically active every day, even with a short walk.
- Manage stress with deep breathing, yoga, or talking to a friend.
- Get morning daylight to help regulate sleep and mood.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol.
- Ask your employer about flexible adjustments if symptoms affect your work.
Diet and exercise
Eat a balanced diet with plenty of calcium and vitamin D from food like dairy, leafy greens, and fortified cereals. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week, plus strength exercises twice a week to keep your bones and muscles strong.
Mental health and emotional wellbeing
Menopause can affect your mood, especially if you are exhausted from poor sleep. Low mood, anxiety, and irritability are common. It is important to talk to a doctor if you feel overwhelmed — talking therapies like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be very helpful.
Prevention
Menopause is a natural event that cannot be prevented. However, you can reduce the impact of symptoms and protect your long-term health with a healthy lifestyle, timely medical advice, and regular check-ups.
Vaccines
As you get older, routine vaccinations like the flu jab and pneumonia vaccine become more important. Ask your pharmacist or doctor about what is recommended for your age.
Screening programmes
Routine health screenings are especially important around and after menopause. These include breast cancer screening, cervical screening (smear test), blood pressure checks, and bone health assessments. Ask your doctor what is due for you.
Complications
If left untreated
- Long-term oestrogen loss can lead to osteoporosis (weakened bones) and a higher risk of fractures.
- There is a higher chance of heart disease and stroke after menopause.
- Persistent symptoms like hot flushes, poor sleep, and vaginal dryness can reduce quality of life and wellbeing.
Long-term outlook
Most women find that symptoms ease over time, often within a few years. With the right support, healthy habits, and treatment if needed, you can feel well, stay active, and enjoy good health long after menopause. It is a transition, not an ending.
Find support
International organisations
Local organisations
- NHS – Menopause ↗ · UK
- Jean Hailes for Women's Health ↗ · Australia
External links open third-party websites. Ruqelo Health is not responsible for external content. Listing an organisation does not imply endorsement.
Always verify with your doctor
Health guidelines vary by country and region. The information in this article is based on international clinical guidelines but may not reflect the specific guidelines, medications, or practices in your country. Always discuss your health concerns with your own doctor or healthcare provider, and refer to your local national health guidelines where available.
Important notice This information is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider about your specific situation. If you are experiencing a medical emergency, call your local emergency services immediately.
Related conditions
Sources and guidance
This article is educational and is prepared with reference to recognized health information and clinical guidance sources where available. Specific source links may vary by topic.
Last updated: July 31, 2026
Educational note: This information is for education only and is not a diagnosis.
Use it to support, not replace, advice from a licensed clinician.
If symptoms are severe, worsening, or urgent, call your local emergency number or seek emergency care.